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In the field of machining, after CNC machining process methods and division of processes, the main content of the process route is to rationally arrange these processing methods and processing sequence. In general, CNC machining of mechanical parts includes cutting, heat treatment and auxiliary processes such as surface treatment, cleaning and inspection. The sequence of these processes directly affects the quality, production efficiency and cost of the parts. Therefore, when designing CNC machining routes, the order of cutting, heat treatment and auxiliary processes should be reasonably arranged, and the connection problem between them should be solved.
In addition to the basic steps mentioned above, factors such as material selection, fixture design and equipment selection need to be considered when developing a CNC machining route. Material selection is directly related to the final performance of parts, different materials have different requirements for cutting parameters; The fixture design will affect the stability and accuracy of the parts in the process of processing; Equipment selection needs to determine the type of machine tool suitable for its production needs according to the characteristics of the product.
What do we have to do before arranging the CNC machining process route?
1, the processing method of precision machinery parts should be determined according to the characteristics of the surface. On the basis of familiar with the characteristics of various processing methods, mastering the processing economy and surface roughness, the method that can ensure the processing quality, production efficiency and economy is selected.
2, select the appropriate drawing positioning reference, according to the principle of crude and fine reference selection to reasonably determine the positioning reference of each process.
3, When developing the machining process route of the parts, it is necessary to divide the rough, semi-fine and finishing stages of the parts on the basis of the analysis of the parts, and determine the degree of concentration and dispersion of the process, and reasonably arrange the processing sequence of the surfaces. For complex parts, several schemes can be considered first, and the most reasonable processing scheme can be selected after comparison and analysis.
4, determine the processing allowance and process size and tolerance of each process.
5, select machine tools and workers, clips, quantities, cutting tools. The selection of mechanical equipment should not only ensure the quality of processing, but also be economical and reasonable. Under the conditions of mass production, general machine tools and special jigs should generally be used.
6, Determine the technical requirements and inspection methods of each major process.Determining the cutting amount and time quota of each process is usually decided by the operator for a single small batch production plant. It is generally not specified in the machining process card. However, in the medium batch and mass production plants, in order to ensure the rationality of production and the balance of rhythm, it is required that the cutting amount must be specified, and must not be changed at will.
cnc machining process arrangement
First rough and then fine
The processing accuracy is gradually improved according to the order of rough turning - semi-fine turning - fine turning. The rough lathe can remove most of the machining allowance of the workpiece surface in a short time, thereby increasing the metal removal rate and meeting the requirement of the uniformity of the allowance. If the residual amount left after the rough turning does not meet the finishing requirements, it is necessary to arrange a semi-finishing car for finishing. The fine car needs to ensure that the outline of the part is cut according to the drawing size to ensure the processing accuracy.
Approach first and then far
Under normal circumstances, the parts close to the tool should be processed first, and then the parts far away from the tool to the tool should be processed to shorten the moving distance of the tool and reduce the empty travel time. In the process of turning, it is beneficial to maintain the stiffness of the blank or semi-finished product and improve its cutting conditions.
The principle of internal and external intersection
For parts that have both an inner surface (inner cavity) and an outer surface to be processed, when arranging the processing sequence, the inner and outer surfaces should be roughed first, and then the inner and outer surfaces should be finished. Must not be part of the surface of the part (outer surface or inner surface) after processing, then processing other surfaces (inner surface or outer surface).
Base first principle
Priority should be given to the surface used as the finishing reference. This is because the more accurate the surface of the positioning reference, the smaller the clamping error. For example, when machining shaft parts, the center hole is usually machined first, and then the outer surface and end face are machined with the center hole as the precision basis.
The principle of the first and the second
The main working surface and assembly base surface of the parts should be processed first, so as to find out the modern defects on the main surface in the blank early. The secondary surface can be interspersed, placed on the main machined surface to a certain extent, before the final finishing.
The principle of the face before the hole
The plane outline size of the box and bracket parts is large, and the plane is generally processed first, and then the hole and other sizes are processed. This arrangement of processing sequence, on the one hand with the processed plane positioning, stable and reliable; On the other hand, it is easy to process the hole on the machined plane, and can improve the processing accuracy of the hole, especially when drilling, the axis of the hole is not easy to deviate.
Conclusion
When developing the machining process of parts, it is necessary to select the appropriate processing method, machine tool equipment, clamp measuring tools, blank and technical requirements for workers according to the production type of parts.
1 Tool change of hat type magazineThe fixed address tool change mode is mostly adopted, and the tool number is fixed corresponding to the tool seat number. The tool change action is realized by the lateral movement of the tool magazine and the up and down movement of the spindle, which is referred to as the spindle tool change mode for short. Because it has no tool change manipulator, the tool selection action cannot be preselected before the tool change action. The tool change instruction and tool selection instruction are generally written in the same program segment, and the instruction format is as follows:M06 T
When the command is executed, the tool magazine first turns the tool holder corresponding to the tool number on the spindle to the tool change position, and switches the tool on the spindle back to the tool holder, and then the tool magazine turns the tool specified in the command to the tool change position and changes the spindle.For this tool magazine, even if TX x is executed before M06, the tool cannot be preselected, * the action of final tool selection is still executed when M06 is executed. If there is no TX X in front of M06, the system will give an alarm.2 Tool change of disc and chain magazine
Most of them use random address tool change mode. The corresponding relationship between tool number and tool seat number is random, but its corresponding relationship can be remembered by NC system. The tool change of this tool magazine depends on the manipulator. The action of the command and tool change is: the tool command TX controls the rotation of the tool magazine and turns the selected tool to the tool change working position, while the tool change command M06 controls the action of the tool change manipulator to realize the tool exchange between the spindle tool and the tool change position of the tool magazine. The tool selection command and tool change command can be in the same program segment or written separately. The actions corresponding to tool selection and tool change command can also be operated simultaneously or separately. The instruction format is as follows:
Tx x M06;When the command is executed, the tool magazine first turns the TX tool to the tool change position, and then the manipulator exchanges the tool of the tool magazine with the tool of the spindle to realize the purpose of changing the TX tool to the spindle.After reading the above two methods, it can be seen that method 2 overlaps the tool selection action with the machining action, so that when changing the tool, it is not necessary to select the tool and change the tool directly, which improves the work efficiency.
As mentioned earlier, the tool change command of the tool magazine is related to the machine tool manufacturer. For example, some tool magazines require that not only the Z axis must return to the tool change point, but also the Y axis must return to the tool change point. The program format is as follows:
When writing the instructions of tool selection and tool change in the same program section, the execution rules of tools from different manufacturers may also be different. If any, regardless of the writing order, the rules of tool selection and tool change shall be followed. Some rules stipulate that the tool selection command must be written before the tool change command is executed. Otherwise, the action is to change the tool first and then select the tool, as shown in the above program. In this case, if the tool selection command is not written before the M06 command is executed, the system will give an alarm.
Long long agoOnce upon a time, people said that the country is an important weaponIt refers to the imperial jade seal handed down by Qin Shihuang on behalf of the heavenly power
Later, it generally refers to the jade seal carved by emperors of all dynastiesOn October 5, 2016, Sotheby's auction house auctioned the Hotan green jade seal "the treasure of the supreme emperor" used by one party after the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Hong Kong for HK $91.48 million. At that time, the auction aroused fierce opposition from many parties in China.Nowadays, the title of national heavy weapon refers to manufacturing equipment
Manufacturing equipment determines the level of processing and manufacturingThe level of processing and manufacturing is an intuitive expression of a country's national strengthHowever, what we are talking about today is only this kind of national manufacturing equipment
CNC machining centerIt can not only process and manufacture precision workpieces full of mechanical beautyCNC itself is also an exquisite and elegant industrial creation
(just a little loud)DMG GM 16|6 series six axis automatic turning centerThat's so bad
What can this CNC machining center do?Let's say soIt is known as the top industrial manufacture with the highest difficulty in R & D and manufacturing
Which can best reflect the highest level of industrial development of a countryTurbofan engineIt is polished with CNC bit by bit
As for various high-precision metal partsThere are too many to enumerateThere are turning, boring and milling, grinding and grooving
There are punching, gear shaper and testingThe tools that appear are not completely duplicatedA large CNC machining center
CNC can shape the precision and shape of complex workpieces at one time. What you eat is iron, and what you spit out is different work with high precision. However, the time is hundreds of times shorter than before, and the precision yield has been improved exponentially. The most irritating thing is that it also has adaptability and can be updated at any time.For example, in the past, if a master of worm gear wanted to make a good worm, you had to practice it for ten years and eight years. Hey, now if you want to process a completely different part and make a new process, you can sit and drink coffee. All this needs the support of equipment (tools), that is, it depends on how the manufacturing equipment of this manufacturing equipment plays with the equipmentCNC equipment: all kinds of machining tools
A CNC machining centerBe responsible for tool storage and tool change equipmentIt is called tool holder, also known as tool magazine
We all know the English word: tool magazine(in fact, the original meaning of the word magazine comes from the warehouse)To improve the working ability of CNC
In addition to pursuing more precise controlIt is also necessary to increase the capacity of the tool magazine and speed up the efficiency of tool changeThere are many ways to achieve this
According to the number of tools stored in the tool magazine and the tool taking methodCan be divided into different typesThe common ones are linear type, hat type, disc type, chain type magazine and so on
The power turret should be regarded as the smallest and most portable CNC tool magazineThe utility model is composed of a rotary cutter head and a box bodyA motor is installed in the box
The motor rotor is connected to the central shaft of the NC machine toolThe stator is fixed on the box for tool changeDMG BMT power turret with motor
A CNC machining center can install multiple power turretsThe upgraded version of the power turret is a hat type magazineIt is similar to the integration of turret and spindle head
It is a hat type tool magazine that automatically changes tools by moving the spindle up and downWhen the tool on the spindle enters the clamping slot of the hat magazineThe spindle moves up out of the tool
At the same time, the magazine rotates rapidlyWhen the tool to be replaced is aligned below the spindleThe spindle moves down so that the tool enters the spindle taper hole
After clamping the tool, the magazine returns to its original positionThe tool position of hat magazine is still limited (generally 16 34 tool positions)And it's always up and down
It takes up a lot of time and is not efficientIt also affects the working stroke of the spindleHowever, for a universal manufacturing equipment
It is not enough to add several independent tool holdersAfter all, a high-precision CNC machining center needs to coverLathe worker, milling worker, grinder worker, line drawing worker, heat treatment and other links
If you want to finish so much work at one timeDon't hide hundreds of knives with you. I'm sorry to leave the factory, okay!For CNC machining center
Linear magazine and chain magazine are its armed beltsChain magazineLarge CNC machining centers often need to carry hundreds of tools
If you don't agree, you have to take out dozens or hundreds of fancy tools to connect ironChain magazine of traditional armed belt typeStill not all competent
So there is a large combined extended automatic tool changing chain tool magazine(does such a long name seem particularly corrupt?)It is also called central warehouse tool magazine
The motor drives the winding chain at high speedQuickly send the required tool to the specified positionThen it is taken out by the mechanical arm and sent to the main shaft
Exchange positions with the tools that have been removed at the same timeTo save tool change timeWheel magazine of DMG mori
The disc magazine has been developed to the extremeThe cutter bases are evenly arranged around the huge hollow runnerOne cutter wheel can hold 40 60 cutters
In the assembly workshop of DMG moriYou can see the spectacular installation process of five or even six layer cutter wheelsOriginal title: the beauty of tool magazine: the arsenal of CNC machining center
The source of the article: official account of WeChat: motor technology and application] welcome to add attention! Please indicate the source of the article.