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Today's machining industry, traditional machining equipment has been unable to meet the quality needs. CNC machine tool equipment replaces ordinary machine tools, and automatic processing equipment such as precision CNC machining and CNC lathe processing replaces traditional machine tools. The following will take you to understand the advantages of CNC machining machine tools and the order of precision mechanical parts processing.




What are the advantages of CNC machine tools?



In the process of machining mechanical parts, CNC machining machine tools have the following advantages:

1.CNC machining center has high precision and high processing quality.CNC machine tools are renowned for their exceptional precision and accuracy. They use computer-controlled movements and specialized software to perform tasks with minimal error margins. Unlike human operators, CNC machines consistently reproduce identical parts to exact specifications.

2.CNC machining parts can be multi-coordinate linkage, can process complex shape parts.CNC machine tools offer remarkable flexibility and versatility compared to traditional manual machines. With the ability to change tooling and adapt to various operations quickly, they are ideal for manufacturing complex and intricate components.

3.CNC machining process change, generally only need to change the numerical control program, can save production preparation time.CNC machine tools offer remarkable time-saving benefits. Traditional manual machining methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, requiring extensive set-up and constant manual adjustments. In contrast, CNC machines can be easily programmed to perform complex operations accurately, greatly reducing production lead times.And CNC machining machine tool itself has high precision, large rigidity, can choose a favorable processing amount, high productivity (generally 3 to 5 times of ordinary machine tools).

4.CNC machining belongs to CNC machining equipment, high degree of automation, can reduce labor intensity.Although the initial investment in CNC machine tools may be higher than manual machines, they offer substantial long-term cost savings. These machines reduce labor costs since they require fewer operators for operation and supervision. Moreover, CNC machines minimize material wastage by executing precision cuts and reducing human errors, leading to significant material savings.

5.Increased Productivity and Efficiency.One of the most significant advantages of CNC machine tools is their ability to increase productivity and efficiency. These machines can operate around the clock, minimizing production downtime and maximizing output. Once programmed, they can perform complex tasks with minimal supervision, freeing up manpower for other critical areas of production.

CNC machine tools have ushered in a new era of production efficiency, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. With precision, productivity, flexibility, cost savings, time-saving advantages, and the right skillset, businesses can harness the full potential of CNC machines and stay ahead in the competitive manufacturing industry.






Then the order of precision machinery parts processing is divided into what kinds？


Each processing method has its processing sequence. Our operators need to process in accordance with its processing order, but not disorderly, so that it will have a certain impact on the processed products, or quality problems. Precision machining is one of them, then the order of precision mechanical parts processing is divided into what kinds.



The arrangement of fine parts processing should be based on the structure and blank situation of the parts, as well as the needs of positioning clamping, and the focus is on the rigidity of the workpiece is not destroyed.


The processing of the previous process can not affect the positioning and clamping of the next process, and the processing process of general fine parts in the middle of the cross should also be considered comprehensively;
Stop the inner cavity processing sequence first, and then stop the outer shape processing process;
The process of processing with the same positioning, clamping method or the same knife is best connected and stopped to reduce the number of repeated positioning, the number of tool changes and the number of moving platen. Shenzhen Machining;
In the same device to stop multiple processes, should be arranged first to the workpiece rigid damage process.

Tool concentration sorting method: It is divided into processes according to the tool used, and all the parts that can be completed with the same tool are processed. In the second knife, the third knife to complete the other parts they can complete. This can reduce the number of tool changes, shorten the idle time, reduce unnecessary positioning errors.

Processing parts sorting method: On the processing content of a lot of parts, according to its structural characteristics will be processed local dividends several parts, such as internal shape, shape, surface or plane. Ordinary first processing plane, positioning surface, after processing holes; First processing simple geometric shapes, then processing complex geometric shapes; The parts with lower precision are processed first, and then the parts with higher precision requirements are processed.

In short, the current precision machinery parts processing technology is very advanced, high quality and high production efficiency.

HONSCN Precision has 20 years of cnc machining experience. Specializing in cnc machining, hardware machinery parts processing, automation equipment parts processing. Robot parts processing, UAV parts processing, bicycle parts processing, medical parts processing, etc. It is one of the high-quality suppliers of cnc machining. At present, the company has hundreds of cnc machining centers, grinding machines, milling machines, high-quality high-precision testing equipment, to provide customers with precision and high-quality cnc spare parts processing services.

In the field of machining industry, the precision size control of drawings plays a vital role, which directly affects the assembly performance and quality of mechanical equipment. The main factor affecting the size of precision machining is the error problem, because the error problem is affected by a variety of factors, in the machine precision machining will inevitably appear a variety of error problems, so only the use of various technical measures, the precision control in a scientific range. This requires technical personnel to strictly process according to the production drawings, and strictly require the machining process flow, so as to ensure the accuracy of the size of the precision machining production drawings to the greatest extent.



Today, with the rapid development of social economy and industrial reform, the role played by precision machining has become more and more important, and China's machining industry has also made great progress, not only the quality has been greatly improved, but also greatly expanded in the scale of production. With the development of the industrialization process, the precision of precision machining is also more and more attention, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the control of precision in the process of machining (precision machining process, the control of precision must be attached great importance, and take reasonable technical measures to solve the problems.



Content of machining and influencing factors







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Understand the content of machining



In the field of mechanical processing in China, there is a clear definition of the accuracy of mechanical processing, which refers to the professional and technical personnel after the completion of the processing of mechanical parts, the use of instruments to detect the position of the parts, shape, size and related data, so as to determine the degree of compliance of the parts. Generally speaking, the main factor affecting the accuracy of machining is the various errors generated in machining, and the operators and technical units of technical processing must attach great importance to this problem. In machining, the control and grasp of precision are obviously related to the error problem of machining. Machining error is mainly reflected by the shape, size and position, it is through the use of mechanical size control to achieve the purpose of controlling the precision of machining, in ensuring the surface quality of machining, the machining size error control within a reasonable range. In the process of machining, due to the impact of the benchmark and the machining surface, it will cause the deviation of the position of the precision parts, so the verticality, position and parallelism of the precision machining must be strictly controlled.



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/ Factors affecting precision machining accuracy




In the process of precision machining, there are strict requirements for various production technologies and production processes, so as to reduce or even eliminate the purpose of machining technology errors. In machining, the error between the spindle rotation is an important factor affecting the accuracy. In the process of modern mechanical production and processing, the error caused by the spindle rotation problem is very obvious, which is more obvious in high-tech and high-precision products, which is also an important factor affecting the processing. For the resulting error, the error can be reduced by processing and transforming the machinery. In addition, bearings with higher precision can also be used, which can also significantly reduce the resulting error.



In addition to the error caused by the spindle rotation, the error caused by the problem of the fixture and the tool can not be ignored. Due to the requirements of production, machining manufacturers will renovate the size, type and model of fixtures and tools to a certain extent, which will have a greater impact on the accuracy of machining. In the actual processing process, the size of the fixture and the tool are fixed, which makes it impossible to adjust the size of the fixture and the tool in the process of production and processing. This will cause a certain error flow in the mechanical processing when the technical parameters and the working environment change.

In addition, due to the process of using and installing fixtures and tools, the position of fixtures and tools will be changed, resulting in errors. Of course, the cutting force will also have a certain impact on the machining, resulting in the generation of errors, and ultimately the accuracy of the machining. Due to the influence of the external environment and temperature, the machined parts can easily affect the cutting force. The greater accuracy error is caused by the local change of the process system and the overall deformation. In the process of mechanical production and processing, if the change of the direction of the tightening degree and the insufficient stiffness of the parts are affected, the deformation of the machined parts will be caused, and the machining will produce a lot of errors, which will affect the precision control of the machining.







Technical measures to control machining accuracy




In the process of mechanical production and processing, the problem of processing accuracy must be strictly controlled, and the accuracy problem must be comprehensively considered, so the processing accuracy of each part must be greatly improved, so as to improve the accuracy of the entire mechanical equipment. In the process of machining, the original error plays an important role in ensuring the quality of machining. For mechanical components, it is necessary to classify them according to the requirements of relevant regulations, according to the material, type, model, size and use, and then develop a certain accuracy range, and control the precision error of the machined parts within this range. For the technical staff, it is necessary to determine a reasonable range of the error generated in the machining, and make reasonable adjustments to the fixture and the tool, so as to control the error within this reasonable range, and ultimately reduce the error of the part to the greatest extent. Only by controlling the errors in machining, can the precision control of machining be achieved to the maximum extent, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the precision of machining.

Compensating error method

Error compensation method refers to the use of processing means to achieve error compensation after the machining of mechanical parts, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the error in the processing of parts. Compensation error method is a very important technical measure to solve the stiffness problem of the process. The main principle is to compensate the original error by creating a new error, so as to improve the precision control level in precision machining. Error compensation method is an important means to reduce the machining error, which has been widely used in practice at home and abroad. In domestic regulations, the original error is generally represented by a negative number, and the compensation error is specified as a positive number, so that when the original error and the compensation error are closer to zero, the smaller the machining error.



Of course, the methods of reducing errors and improving precision control are not only these two, but also the transfer error method is a more commonly used method of reducing errors. Therefore, in the actual production process, it is necessary to choose a reasonable method to reduce the error according to different situations, so as to achieve the best precision control and promote the continuous and stable development of precision machining.

In the field of machining, after CNC machining process methods and division of processes, the main content of the process route is to rationally arrange these processing methods and processing sequence. In general, CNC machining of mechanical parts includes cutting, heat treatment and auxiliary processes such as surface treatment, cleaning and inspection. The sequence of these processes directly affects the quality, production efficiency and cost of the parts. Therefore, when designing CNC machining routes, the order of cutting, heat treatment and auxiliary processes should be reasonably arranged, and the connection problem between them should be solved.

In addition to the basic steps mentioned above, factors such as material selection, fixture design and equipment selection need to be considered when developing a CNC machining route. Material selection is directly related to the final performance of parts, different materials have different requirements for cutting parameters; The fixture design will affect the stability and accuracy of the parts in the process of processing; Equipment selection needs to determine the type of machine tool suitable for its production needs according to the characteristics of the product.







What do we have to do before arranging the CNC machining process route?


1, the processing method of precision machinery parts should be determined according to the characteristics of the surface. On the basis of familiar with the characteristics of various processing methods, mastering the processing economy and surface roughness, the method that can ensure the processing quality, production efficiency and economy is selected.

2, select the appropriate drawing positioning reference, according to the principle of crude and fine reference selection to reasonably determine the positioning reference of each process.

3, When developing the machining process route of the parts, it is necessary to divide the rough, semi-fine and finishing stages of the parts on the basis of the analysis of the parts, and determine the degree of concentration and dispersion of the process, and reasonably arrange the processing sequence of the surfaces. For complex parts, several schemes can be considered first, and the most reasonable processing scheme can be selected after comparison and analysis.

4, determine the processing allowance and process size and tolerance of each process.

5, select machine tools and workers, clips, quantities, cutting tools. The selection of mechanical equipment should not only ensure the quality of processing, but also be economical and reasonable. Under the conditions of mass production, general machine tools and special jigs should generally be used.

6, Determine the technical requirements and inspection methods of each major process.Determining the cutting amount and time quota of each process is usually decided by the operator for a single small batch production plant. It is generally not specified in the machining process card. However, in the medium batch and mass production plants, in order to ensure the rationality of production and the balance of rhythm, it is required that the cutting amount must be specified, and must not be changed at will.





cnc machining process arrangement


First rough and then fine

The processing accuracy is gradually improved according to the order of rough turning - semi-fine turning - fine turning. The rough lathe can remove most of the machining allowance of the workpiece surface in a short time, thereby increasing the metal removal rate and meeting the requirement of the uniformity of the allowance. If the residual amount left after the rough turning does not meet the finishing requirements, it is necessary to arrange a semi-finishing car for finishing. The fine car needs to ensure that the outline of the part is cut according to the drawing size to ensure the processing accuracy.

Approach first and then far

Under normal circumstances, the parts close to the tool should be processed first, and then the parts far away from the tool to the tool should be processed to shorten the moving distance of the tool and reduce the empty travel time. In the process of turning, it is beneficial to maintain the stiffness of the blank or semi-finished product and improve its cutting conditions.

The principle of internal and external intersection

For parts that have both an inner surface (inner cavity) and an outer surface to be processed, when arranging the processing sequence, the inner and outer surfaces should be roughed first, and then the inner and outer surfaces should be finished. Must not be part of the surface of the part (outer surface or inner surface) after processing, then processing other surfaces (inner surface or outer surface).

Base first principle

Priority should be given to the surface used as the finishing reference. This is because the more accurate the surface of the positioning reference, the smaller the clamping error. For example, when machining shaft parts, the center hole is usually machined first, and then the outer surface and end face are machined with the center hole as the precision basis.

The principle of the first and the second

The main working surface and assembly base surface of the parts should be processed first, so as to find out the modern defects on the main surface in the blank early. The secondary surface can be interspersed, placed on the main machined surface to a certain extent, before the final finishing.

The principle of the face before the hole

The plane outline size of the box and bracket parts is large, and the plane is generally processed first, and then the hole and other sizes are processed. This arrangement of processing sequence, on the one hand with the processed plane positioning, stable and reliable; On the other hand, it is easy to process the hole on the machined plane, and can improve the processing accuracy of the hole, especially when drilling, the axis of the hole is not easy to deviate.



Conclusion


When developing the machining process of parts, it is necessary to select the appropriate processing method, machine tool equipment, clamp measuring tools, blank and technical requirements for workers according to the production type of parts.

With the increasingly updated processing technology, CNC machining has also undergone a lot of changes. Many experts pointed out that in the future, CNC will be the mainstream processing mode. In the CNC machining process, the tool is the most important, today, we will understand the CNC tool in detail.




CNC machining tool concept



A tool is a tool used for cutting in mechanical manufacturing. Generalized cutting tools include both cutting tools and abrasive tools. The vast majority of knives are used for machines, but there are also hand tools. Since the tools used in mechanical manufacturing are basically used to cut metal materials, the term "tool" is generally understood as a metal cutting tool. The cutting tools used for cutting wood are called woodworking tools.


CNC machining tool



Tool classification

Cutting tools can be divided into five categories according to the form of the workpiece machined surface.

Cutting tools for processing various outer surfaces, including cutting tools for processing various outer surfaces, including turning tools, planing knives, milling cutters, outer surface broach and file, etc.

Hole processing tools, including drill, reaming drill, boring cutter, milling cutter and internal surface broach, etc.

Thread processing tools, including tap, die, automatic opening thread cutting head, thread turning tool and thread milling cutter.

Gear processing tools, including hob, gear shaper cutter, shaving cutter, bevel gear processing tool, etc.

Cutting tools, including inserted circular saw blade, band saw, bow saw, cutting tool and saw blade milling cutter, etc.

In addition, there are combination tools.


Hole cutting tool



Tool structure

The structure of various tools is composed of a clamping part and a working part. The clamping part and working part of the overall structure of the tool are done on the tool body; The working part of the tool (the tooth or blade) is mounted on the tool body.

The clamping part of the tool has two kinds of holes and handles. The tool with hole relies on the inner hole set on the spindle or mandrel of the machine tool, and transmits the torsional torque with the help of the axial key or the end key, such as the cylindrical milling cutter and the sleeve face milling cutter.

The tool with the handle is usually rectangular handle, cylindrical handle and conical handle three kinds. Turning tools, planing tools, etc. are generally rectangular handles; The conical handle withstands the axial thrust with the taper and transmits the torque with the help of friction. Cylindrical shank is generally suitable for smaller twist drill, end mill and other tools, cutting with the help of the friction generated when clamping torque transfer. The shank of many tools with handles is made of low alloy steel, and the working part is made of high speed steel welded to each other.



The basic properties that the tool material should have

1. High hardness

The hardness of the tool material must be higher than the hardness of the workpiece material to be machined, which is the basic feature that the tool material should have.

2. Sufficient strength and toughness

The material of the cutting part of the tool must withstand great cutting force and impact force when cutting. The bending strength and impact toughness reflect the ability of tool material to resist brittle fracture and edge breakage.

3. High wear resistance and heat resistance

The wear resistance of tool materials refers to the ability to resist wear. The higher the hardness of the tool material, the better the wear resistance; The higher the high temperature hardness, the better the heat resistance, the tool material at high temperature resistance to plastic deformation, anti-wear ability is also stronger.

4. Good thermal conductivity

Large thermal conductivity means good thermal conductivity, and the heat capacity generated during cutting is easily transmitted out, thereby reducing the temperature of the cutting part and reducing tool wear.

5. Good technology and economy

In order to facilitate manufacturing, the tool material is required to have good machinability, including forging, welding, cutting, heat treatment, grindability and so on. Economy is one of the important indexes to evaluate and promote the application of new tool materials.

6. Resistance to bonding

Prevent the workpiece and the tool material molecules under the action of high temperature and high pressure adsorption bond.

7. Chemical stability

It means that the tool material is not easy to react chemically with the surrounding medium at high temperature.

Tool coating

Aluminum alloy indexable inserts are now coated with hard or composite layers of titanium carbide, titanium nitride, alumina by chemical vapor deposition. The physical vapor deposition method that is being developed can be used not only for aluminum alloy tools, but also for high-speed steel tools such as drills, hobs, taps and milling cutters. As a barrier that prevents chemical diffusion and heat conduction, the hard coating slows down the wear rate of the tool during cutting, and the life of the coated blade is about 1 to 3 times higher than that of the uncoated blade.




How to choose a tool



Tool selection is carried out in the human-machine interaction state of NC programming. The tool and handle should be correctly selected according to the machining capacity of the machine tool, the performance of the workpiece material, the processing procedure, the cutting amount and other relevant factors.

The general principle of tool selection: easy installation and adjustment, good rigidity, high durability and accuracy. On the premise of meeting the processing requirements, try to choose a shorter tool handle to improve the rigidity of the tool processing. When selecting the tool, the size of the tool should be adapted to the surface size of the workpiece to be machined.

1. End milling cutter is often used to process the peripheral outline of plane parts.

2. When milling the plane, carbide blade milling cutter should be selected.

3. When processing convex and grooves, choose high-speed steel end milling cutter.

4. When processing the blank surface or roughing the hole, you can choose the corn milling cutter with cemented carbide blade.

5. For the processing of some vertical surface and variable bevel contour, ball end milling cutter, ring milling cutter, conical milling cutter and disk milling cutter are often used.

6. In the processing of free-form surface, because the cutting speed of the end of the ball head tool is zero, so in order to ensure the processing accuracy, the cutting line spacing is generally very dense, so the ball head is often used in the finishing of the surface.

7, flat head tool in the surface processing quality and cutting efficiency are better than the ball head knife, therefore, as long as the premise of ensuring but cutting, whether it is rough surface machining or finishing, should be preferred to choose flat head knife.

8. In the machining center, various tools are installed on the tool library, and the tool selection and tool change are carried out at any time according to the procedure. Therefore, the standard tool handle must be used in order to make the standard tool for drilling, boring, expanding, milling and other processes quickly and accurately installed on the machine spindle or tool library. The number of tools should be reduced as far as possible; After a tool is installed, it should complete all the processing parts that it can carry out; Rough finishing tools should be used separately, even if the same size specifications of the tool; Milling before drilling; Surface finishing is carried out first, and then 2D contour finishing is carried out. Where possible, the automatic tool change function of CNC machine tools should be used as much as possible to improve production efficiency.


Problems encountered in processing aluminum and solutions



Problems encountered in processing aluminum and solutions when processing pure aluminum, easy to stick knife analysis and solutions:

1. Aluminum material is soft in texture and easy to stick at high temperature;

2. Aluminum is not resistant to high temperature, easy to open;

3. Related to processing cutting fluid: good oil lubrication performance; Good water-soluble cooling performance; High dry cutting cost;

4. When processing pure aluminum, the end mill dedicated to aluminum processing should be selected: positive front Angle, sharp cutting edge, large chip discharge slot, 45 degrees or 55 degrees helix Angle;

5. The material of the workpiece and the CNC tool has a greater affinity.

6. Rough front tool processing soft materials.

Recommendation: Machine tool conditions are poor to good requirements are low to high, please use high-speed steel, coated polished carbide, PCD polycrystalline diamond and single crystal diamond.

7. Low speed can be avoided by cutting fluid, high speed oil mist lubrication, the effect can be improved, aluminum alloy suitable


Tool future development direction



Due to the high temperature, high pressure, high speed, and the parts working in the corrosive fluid medium, the application of difficult to process more and more materials, the automation level of cutting processing and the processing accuracy requirements are getting higher and higher. In order to adapt to this situation, the development direction of the tool will be the development and application of new tool materials; Further develop the vapor deposition coating technology of the tool, and deposit higher hardness coating on the matrix of high toughness and high strength, so as to better solve the contradiction between hardness and strength of the tool material; Further development of indexable tool structure; Improve the manufacturing accuracy of the tool, reduce the difference in product quality, and optimize the use of the tool.How to choose CNC aluminum alloy machining tool.