The development of CNC (Computer Numerical Control) custom machining services has significantly impacted the field of robotics in several ways: Advanced Precision and Complexity，Precision Parts and Gears，Sensor Housings and Mounts，End Effectors and Grippers，Joints and Connectors，

Customized Protocols for Robot Control，Integration of Electronic Components，Redesign and Improvement and Research and Education.

CNC custom machining plays a vital role in the development, production, and maintenance of robotics by providing precision-engineered components that are essential for the functionality and performance of robotic systems in various industries and applications.

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) custom machining services have a multitude of applications in the field of robotics. Here are some specific ways CNC machining is used in robotics:



1.Prototyping and Development: CNC machining is crucial in the prototyping phase of robotics. It allows for the creation of precise and custom components necessary for developing and refining robot designs before mass production.

2.Frame and Structure Components: CNC machining is used to fabricate various structural components of robots, including frames, chassis, arms, and brackets. These parts can be precisely manufactured to meet specific strength, weight, and dimensional requirements.

3.Precision Parts and Gears: Robots often require intricate and high-precision parts, such as gears, actuators, and mechanical components. CNC machining ensures the production of these parts with accuracy and repeatability.

4.Sensor Housings and Mounts: Custom sensor housings and mounts are essential in robotics for securely holding sensors in place and ensuring their proper functionality. CNC machining can produce these components with precision to accommodate different types of sensors.

5.End Effectors and Grippers: CNC machining is used to create end effectors and grippers that robots use to interact with objects. These components need to be tailored for specific tasks and CNC machining enables the customization required.

6.Joints and Connectors: CNC machining is employed to create complex joint mechanisms and connectors, ensuring smooth and precise movement in robotic systems.

7.Customized Protocols for Robot Control: CNC machining can be utilized to create control panels or specialized components for custom robot control systems, meeting specific programming or interfacing needs.

8.Integration of Electronic Components: CNC machining aids in the production of housings and enclosures for electronic components within robots, ensuring proper fit, protection, and functionality.

9.Redesign and Improvement: CNC machining allows for the redesign or modification of existing robot components, enabling improvements in functionality, efficiency, or repair of older robotic systems.

10.Research and Education: CNC machining is used in academic settings for research and educational purposes, allowing students and researchers to create custom robot components for experimentation and learning.


Overall, CNC custom machining plays a vital role in the development, production, and maintenance of robotics by providing precision-engineered components that are essential for the functionality and performance of robotic systems in various industries and applications.For custom CNC production services, please choose us and we will provide you with the best quality service and the most competitive price. Let us jointly promote the innovation and development of the Robotics manufacturing industry.

In the field of machining, after CNC machining process methods and division of processes, the main content of the process route is to rationally arrange these processing methods and processing sequence. In general, CNC machining of mechanical parts includes cutting, heat treatment and auxiliary processes such as surface treatment, cleaning and inspection. The sequence of these processes directly affects the quality, production efficiency and cost of the parts. Therefore, when designing CNC machining routes, the order of cutting, heat treatment and auxiliary processes should be reasonably arranged, and the connection problem between them should be solved.

In addition to the basic steps mentioned above, factors such as material selection, fixture design and equipment selection need to be considered when developing a CNC machining route. Material selection is directly related to the final performance of parts, different materials have different requirements for cutting parameters; The fixture design will affect the stability and accuracy of the parts in the process of processing; Equipment selection needs to determine the type of machine tool suitable for its production needs according to the characteristics of the product.







What do we have to do before arranging the CNC machining process route?


1, the processing method of precision machinery parts should be determined according to the characteristics of the surface. On the basis of familiar with the characteristics of various processing methods, mastering the processing economy and surface roughness, the method that can ensure the processing quality, production efficiency and economy is selected.

2, select the appropriate drawing positioning reference, according to the principle of crude and fine reference selection to reasonably determine the positioning reference of each process.

3, When developing the machining process route of the parts, it is necessary to divide the rough, semi-fine and finishing stages of the parts on the basis of the analysis of the parts, and determine the degree of concentration and dispersion of the process, and reasonably arrange the processing sequence of the surfaces. For complex parts, several schemes can be considered first, and the most reasonable processing scheme can be selected after comparison and analysis.

4, determine the processing allowance and process size and tolerance of each process.

5, select machine tools and workers, clips, quantities, cutting tools. The selection of mechanical equipment should not only ensure the quality of processing, but also be economical and reasonable. Under the conditions of mass production, general machine tools and special jigs should generally be used.

6, Determine the technical requirements and inspection methods of each major process.Determining the cutting amount and time quota of each process is usually decided by the operator for a single small batch production plant. It is generally not specified in the machining process card. However, in the medium batch and mass production plants, in order to ensure the rationality of production and the balance of rhythm, it is required that the cutting amount must be specified, and must not be changed at will.





cnc machining process arrangement


First rough and then fine

The processing accuracy is gradually improved according to the order of rough turning - semi-fine turning - fine turning. The rough lathe can remove most of the machining allowance of the workpiece surface in a short time, thereby increasing the metal removal rate and meeting the requirement of the uniformity of the allowance. If the residual amount left after the rough turning does not meet the finishing requirements, it is necessary to arrange a semi-finishing car for finishing. The fine car needs to ensure that the outline of the part is cut according to the drawing size to ensure the processing accuracy.

Approach first and then far

Under normal circumstances, the parts close to the tool should be processed first, and then the parts far away from the tool to the tool should be processed to shorten the moving distance of the tool and reduce the empty travel time. In the process of turning, it is beneficial to maintain the stiffness of the blank or semi-finished product and improve its cutting conditions.

The principle of internal and external intersection

For parts that have both an inner surface (inner cavity) and an outer surface to be processed, when arranging the processing sequence, the inner and outer surfaces should be roughed first, and then the inner and outer surfaces should be finished. Must not be part of the surface of the part (outer surface or inner surface) after processing, then processing other surfaces (inner surface or outer surface).

Base first principle

Priority should be given to the surface used as the finishing reference. This is because the more accurate the surface of the positioning reference, the smaller the clamping error. For example, when machining shaft parts, the center hole is usually machined first, and then the outer surface and end face are machined with the center hole as the precision basis.

The principle of the first and the second

The main working surface and assembly base surface of the parts should be processed first, so as to find out the modern defects on the main surface in the blank early. The secondary surface can be interspersed, placed on the main machined surface to a certain extent, before the final finishing.

The principle of the face before the hole

The plane outline size of the box and bracket parts is large, and the plane is generally processed first, and then the hole and other sizes are processed. This arrangement of processing sequence, on the one hand with the processed plane positioning, stable and reliable; On the other hand, it is easy to process the hole on the machined plane, and can improve the processing accuracy of the hole, especially when drilling, the axis of the hole is not easy to deviate.



Conclusion


When developing the machining process of parts, it is necessary to select the appropriate processing method, machine tool equipment, clamp measuring tools, blank and technical requirements for workers according to the production type of parts.

With the increasingly updated processing technology, CNC machining has also undergone a lot of changes. Many experts pointed out that in the future, CNC will be the mainstream processing mode. In the CNC machining process, the tool is the most important, today, we will understand the CNC tool in detail.




CNC machining tool concept



A tool is a tool used for cutting in mechanical manufacturing. Generalized cutting tools include both cutting tools and abrasive tools. The vast majority of knives are used for machines, but there are also hand tools. Since the tools used in mechanical manufacturing are basically used to cut metal materials, the term "tool" is generally understood as a metal cutting tool. The cutting tools used for cutting wood are called woodworking tools.


CNC machining tool



Tool classification

Cutting tools can be divided into five categories according to the form of the workpiece machined surface.

Cutting tools for processing various outer surfaces, including cutting tools for processing various outer surfaces, including turning tools, planing knives, milling cutters, outer surface broach and file, etc.

Hole processing tools, including drill, reaming drill, boring cutter, milling cutter and internal surface broach, etc.

Thread processing tools, including tap, die, automatic opening thread cutting head, thread turning tool and thread milling cutter.

Gear processing tools, including hob, gear shaper cutter, shaving cutter, bevel gear processing tool, etc.

Cutting tools, including inserted circular saw blade, band saw, bow saw, cutting tool and saw blade milling cutter, etc.

In addition, there are combination tools.


Hole cutting tool



Tool structure

The structure of various tools is composed of a clamping part and a working part. The clamping part and working part of the overall structure of the tool are done on the tool body; The working part of the tool (the tooth or blade) is mounted on the tool body.

The clamping part of the tool has two kinds of holes and handles. The tool with hole relies on the inner hole set on the spindle or mandrel of the machine tool, and transmits the torsional torque with the help of the axial key or the end key, such as the cylindrical milling cutter and the sleeve face milling cutter.

The tool with the handle is usually rectangular handle, cylindrical handle and conical handle three kinds. Turning tools, planing tools, etc. are generally rectangular handles; The conical handle withstands the axial thrust with the taper and transmits the torque with the help of friction. Cylindrical shank is generally suitable for smaller twist drill, end mill and other tools, cutting with the help of the friction generated when clamping torque transfer. The shank of many tools with handles is made of low alloy steel, and the working part is made of high speed steel welded to each other.



The basic properties that the tool material should have

1. High hardness

The hardness of the tool material must be higher than the hardness of the workpiece material to be machined, which is the basic feature that the tool material should have.

2. Sufficient strength and toughness

The material of the cutting part of the tool must withstand great cutting force and impact force when cutting. The bending strength and impact toughness reflect the ability of tool material to resist brittle fracture and edge breakage.

3. High wear resistance and heat resistance

The wear resistance of tool materials refers to the ability to resist wear. The higher the hardness of the tool material, the better the wear resistance; The higher the high temperature hardness, the better the heat resistance, the tool material at high temperature resistance to plastic deformation, anti-wear ability is also stronger.

4. Good thermal conductivity

Large thermal conductivity means good thermal conductivity, and the heat capacity generated during cutting is easily transmitted out, thereby reducing the temperature of the cutting part and reducing tool wear.

5. Good technology and economy

In order to facilitate manufacturing, the tool material is required to have good machinability, including forging, welding, cutting, heat treatment, grindability and so on. Economy is one of the important indexes to evaluate and promote the application of new tool materials.

6. Resistance to bonding

Prevent the workpiece and the tool material molecules under the action of high temperature and high pressure adsorption bond.

7. Chemical stability

It means that the tool material is not easy to react chemically with the surrounding medium at high temperature.

Tool coating

Aluminum alloy indexable inserts are now coated with hard or composite layers of titanium carbide, titanium nitride, alumina by chemical vapor deposition. The physical vapor deposition method that is being developed can be used not only for aluminum alloy tools, but also for high-speed steel tools such as drills, hobs, taps and milling cutters. As a barrier that prevents chemical diffusion and heat conduction, the hard coating slows down the wear rate of the tool during cutting, and the life of the coated blade is about 1 to 3 times higher than that of the uncoated blade.




How to choose a tool



Tool selection is carried out in the human-machine interaction state of NC programming. The tool and handle should be correctly selected according to the machining capacity of the machine tool, the performance of the workpiece material, the processing procedure, the cutting amount and other relevant factors.

The general principle of tool selection: easy installation and adjustment, good rigidity, high durability and accuracy. On the premise of meeting the processing requirements, try to choose a shorter tool handle to improve the rigidity of the tool processing. When selecting the tool, the size of the tool should be adapted to the surface size of the workpiece to be machined.

1. End milling cutter is often used to process the peripheral outline of plane parts.

2. When milling the plane, carbide blade milling cutter should be selected.

3. When processing convex and grooves, choose high-speed steel end milling cutter.

4. When processing the blank surface or roughing the hole, you can choose the corn milling cutter with cemented carbide blade.

5. For the processing of some vertical surface and variable bevel contour, ball end milling cutter, ring milling cutter, conical milling cutter and disk milling cutter are often used.

6. In the processing of free-form surface, because the cutting speed of the end of the ball head tool is zero, so in order to ensure the processing accuracy, the cutting line spacing is generally very dense, so the ball head is often used in the finishing of the surface.

7, flat head tool in the surface processing quality and cutting efficiency are better than the ball head knife, therefore, as long as the premise of ensuring but cutting, whether it is rough surface machining or finishing, should be preferred to choose flat head knife.

8. In the machining center, various tools are installed on the tool library, and the tool selection and tool change are carried out at any time according to the procedure. Therefore, the standard tool handle must be used in order to make the standard tool for drilling, boring, expanding, milling and other processes quickly and accurately installed on the machine spindle or tool library. The number of tools should be reduced as far as possible; After a tool is installed, it should complete all the processing parts that it can carry out; Rough finishing tools should be used separately, even if the same size specifications of the tool; Milling before drilling; Surface finishing is carried out first, and then 2D contour finishing is carried out. Where possible, the automatic tool change function of CNC machine tools should be used as much as possible to improve production efficiency.


Problems encountered in processing aluminum and solutions



Problems encountered in processing aluminum and solutions when processing pure aluminum, easy to stick knife analysis and solutions:

1. Aluminum material is soft in texture and easy to stick at high temperature;

2. Aluminum is not resistant to high temperature, easy to open;

3. Related to processing cutting fluid: good oil lubrication performance; Good water-soluble cooling performance; High dry cutting cost;

4. When processing pure aluminum, the end mill dedicated to aluminum processing should be selected: positive front Angle, sharp cutting edge, large chip discharge slot, 45 degrees or 55 degrees helix Angle;

5. The material of the workpiece and the CNC tool has a greater affinity.

6. Rough front tool processing soft materials.

Recommendation: Machine tool conditions are poor to good requirements are low to high, please use high-speed steel, coated polished carbide, PCD polycrystalline diamond and single crystal diamond.

7. Low speed can be avoided by cutting fluid, high speed oil mist lubrication, the effect can be improved, aluminum alloy suitable


Tool future development direction



Due to the high temperature, high pressure, high speed, and the parts working in the corrosive fluid medium, the application of difficult to process more and more materials, the automation level of cutting processing and the processing accuracy requirements are getting higher and higher. In order to adapt to this situation, the development direction of the tool will be the development and application of new tool materials; Further develop the vapor deposition coating technology of the tool, and deposit higher hardness coating on the matrix of high toughness and high strength, so as to better solve the contradiction between hardness and strength of the tool material; Further development of indexable tool structure; Improve the manufacturing accuracy of the tool, reduce the difference in product quality, and optimize the use of the tool.How to choose CNC aluminum alloy machining tool.

Surveying and mapping of mechanical parts
Project introduction
Customer products
This product is a mechanical part, and the processing structure is complex, so the size and relative position requirements are high. Therefore, the accessory needs to scan the data of the first industrial part in 3D, detect the quality error between the data and the design document, and analyze the mapping cost of mechanical parts to ensure the smooth progress of production.
Customer difficulties
After the customer's castings are processed, how to detect them has become a difficult problem. The customer has no way to detect the complex structure, many internal dimensions, important processing positions and relative positions.
Nanjing Ningrui handheld 3D laser scanner
The customer recognizes that the measuring equipment
The customer learned about our hand-held 3D laser scanner of Nanjing Ningrui metrology through the introduction of a friend, and checked the relevant knowledge on the Internet. He thought it was too suitable for the mapping of mechanical parts they wanted, so he found us.
Introduction to 3D laser scanner
When the portable 3D scanner T-scan works, the six beam laser is used to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud on the object surface. The operator can hold the equipment in his hand and adjust the distance and angle between the instrument and the measured object in real time. The operation is flexible, convenient and easy to learn. When scanning large volume objects, it can cooperate with the global photogrammetry system to eliminate the cumulative error and scan the size, shape and working environment of the scanned objects efficiently and accurately.
Operation of handheld 3D laser scanner and photogrammetry on products
Solution
The hand-held three-dimensional scanner is a mechanical mapping equipment. Firstly, the positioning mark points should be quickly pasted on the scanned products, and then the three-dimensional data of workpiece surface shape can be obtained quickly and accurately by using the mark points pasted on the workpiece surface through non-contact three-dimensional laser scanning; After the scanner obtains the high-precision data, the obtained data is compared with the existing digital analog, so as to obtain the product deviation and carry out cost analysis.
Scanning process
It takes 7 minutes to paste the marked points;
Data post-processing and comparison for 45 minutes.
Process display
3. Data comparison
summary
The grooved parts of the rotor body in the machine conform to the fit of the rotor gear and change the old comparison method. The use of 3D laser scanner is not only convenient and fast, but also can more accurately grasp the accuracy of each position, which brings better service to customers.
Reverse / comparative product presentation LW

Thread machining is one of the very important applications of CNC machining center. The machining quality and efficiency of thread will directly affect the machining quality of parts and the production efficiency of machining center.With the improvement of the performance of CNC machining center and the improvement of cutting tools, the method of thread machining is also improving, and the accuracy and efficiency of thread machining are also gradually improving. In order to enable technicians to reasonably select thread processing methods in processing, improve production efficiency and avoid quality accidents, several thread processing methods commonly used in CNC machining center are summarized as follows:1. Tap processing method


1.1 classification and characteristics of tap processingUsing tap to process threaded hole is the most commonly used processing method. It is mainly applicable to threaded holes with small diameter (d30) and low requirements for hole position accuracy.
In the 1980s, the flexible tapping method was adopted for threaded holes, that is, the flexible tapping collet was used to clamp the tap. The tapping collet can be used for axial compensation to compensate the feed error caused by the non synchronization between the axial feed of the machine tool and the spindle speed, so as to ensure the correct pitch. The flexible tapping collet has complex structure, high cost, easy damage and low processing efficiency. In recent years, the performance of CNC machining center Gradually, the rigid tapping function has become the basic configuration of CNC machining center.
Therefore, rigid tapping has become the main method of thread machining.That is, the tap is clamped with a rigid spring collet, and the feed of the spindle is consistent with the spindle speed controlled by the machine tool.Compared with the flexible tapping chuck, the spring chuck has the advantages of simple structure, low price and wide application. In addition to holding the tap, it can also hold the end milling cutter, drill bit and other tools, which can reduce the tool cost. At the same time, the rigid tapping can be used for high-speed cutting, improve the use efficiency of the processing center and reduce the manufacturing cost.
1.2 determination of threaded bottom hole before tappingThe processing of threaded bottom hole has a great impact on the life of tap and the quality of thread processing. Generally, the diameter of threaded bottom hole drill is close to the upper limit of the diameter tolerance of threaded bottom hole,For example, the bottom hole diameter of M8 threaded hole is 6.7 0.27mm, select the drill bit diameter as 6.9mm. In this way, the machining allowance of tap can be reduced, the load of tap can be reduced, and the service life of tap can be improved.
1.3 selection of tapWhen selecting taps, first of all, the corresponding taps must be selected according to the processed materials. The tool company produces different types of taps according to different processing materials, and special attention should be paid to the selection.
Because the tap is very sensitive to the processed materials compared with the milling cutter and boring cutter. For example, using the tap for processing cast iron to process aluminum parts is easy to cause thread dropping, disorderly threading and even tap breaking, resulting in workpiece scrapping. Secondly, pay attention to the difference between the through-hole tap and the blind hole tap. The front-end guide of the through-hole tap is long, and the chip removal is the front-end chip. The front-end guide of the blind hole is short, and the chip removal is the front-end It is the back chip. Machining the blind hole with a through-hole tap cannot guarantee the thread machining depth. Moreover, if a flexible tapping collet is used, it should also be noted that the diameter of the tap handle and the width of the four sides should be the same as that of the tapping collet; the diameter of the tap handle for rigid tapping should be the same as that of the spring jacket. In short, only a reasonable selection of the tap can ensure the smooth machining.
1.4 NC programming of tap machiningThe programming of tap machining is relatively simple. Now the machining center generally solidifies the tapping subroutine and only needs to assign values to various parameters. However, it should be noted that the meaning of some parameters is different due to different NC systems and different subroutine formats.For example, the programming format of Siemens 840C control system is g84 x_y_r2_r3_r4_r5_r6_r7_r8_r9_r10_r13_. Only these 12 parameters need to be assigned during programming.
2. Thread milling method2.1 characteristics of thread millingThread milling adopts thread milling tool and three-axis linkage of machining center, that is, x-axis and y-axis arc interpolation and z-axis linear feed.
Thread milling is mainly used to process large hole threads and threaded holes of difficult to process materials. It mainly has the following characteristics:(1) high processing speed, high efficiency and high processing precision. The tool material is generally cemented carbide, with fast tool walking speed. The manufacturing precision of the tool is high, so the milling thread precision is high.(2) the milling tool has a wide range of application. As long as the pitch is the same, whether it is left-hand thread or right-hand thread, one tool can be used, which is conducive to reducing the tool cost.
(3) milling is easy to remove chips and cool, and the cutting condition is better than that of tap. It is especially suitable for thread processing of difficult to process materials such as aluminum, copper and stainless steel, especially for thread processing of large parts and components of precious materials, which can ensure the thread processing quality and workpiece safety.(4) because there is no tool front-end guide, it is suitable for machining blind holes with short thread bottom holes and holes without tool return grooves.2.2 classification of thread milling tools
Thread milling tools can be divided into two types, one is the machine clamp cemented carbide blade milling cutter, and the other is the integral cemented carbide milling cutter. The machine clamp cutter has a wide range of applications. It can process holes with thread depth less than the blade length or holes with thread depth greater than the blade length. The integral cemented carbide milling cutter is generally used to process holes with thread depth less than the tool length.2.3 NC programming of thread millingThe programming of thread milling tool is different from that of other tools. If the processing program is wrong, it is easy to cause tool damage or thread processing error. The following points should be paid attention to during programming:
(1) firstly, the threaded bottom hole shall be processed well, the small diameter hole shall be processed with a drill, and the larger hole shall be bored to ensure the accuracy of the threaded bottom hole.(2) when cutting in and cutting out the tool, the arc path shall be adopted, usually 1 / 2 turn, and 1 / 2 pitch shall be traveled in the z-axis direction to ensure the thread shape. The tool radius compensation value shall be brought in at this time.(3) the x-axis and y-axis circular arc shall be interpolated for one week, and the main shaft shall travel a pitch along the z-axis direction, otherwise the threads will be buckled disorderly.
(4) specific example program: the diameter of thread milling cutter is 16. The threaded hole is M48 1.5, the depth of threaded hole is 14.The processing procedure is as follows:(the procedure of threaded bottom hole is omitted, and the bottom hole shall be bored) G0 G90 g54 x0 y0g0 Z10 m3 s1400 m8g0 z-14.75 feed to the deepest thread G01 G41 x-16 Y0 F2000 move to the feed position, add radius compensation G03 x24 Y0 z-14 I20 J0 f500 cut in with 1 / 2 circle of arc G03 x24 Y0 Z0 I-24 J0 F400 cut the whole thread G03 x-16 Y0 z0.75 I-20 J0 f500 cut out with 1 / 2 circle of arc G01 G40 x0 Y0 return to the center and cancel radius compensation G0 Z100M30
3. Snap method3.1 characteristics of snap methodLarge threaded holes can sometimes be encountered on box parts. In the absence of tap and thread milling cutter, the method similar to lathe pick-up can be adopted.
Install the thread turning tool on the boring bar to bore the thread.The company once processed a batch of parts with m52x1.5 thread and 0.1mm positional degree (see Figure 1). Because of the high positional requirements and large thread hole, it is impossible to process with tap and there is no thread milling cutter. After the test, the thread picking method is adopted to ensure the processing requirements.3.2 precautions for buckle picking method
(1) after the spindle is started, there shall be a delay time to ensure that the spindle reaches the rated speed.(2) during tool retraction, if it is a hand ground thread tool, because the tool cannot be grinded symmetrically, reverse tool retraction cannot be adopted. The spindle orientation must be adopted, the tool moves radially, and then the tool retraction.(3) the manufacturing of the cutter bar must be accurate, especially the position of the cutter slot must be consistent. If it is inconsistent, multiple cutter bars cannot be used for processing, otherwise it will cause disorderly buckle.
(4) even if it is a very fine buckle, it cannot be picked with one knife, otherwise it will cause tooth loss and poor surface roughness. At least two knives shall be divided.(5) the processing efficiency is low, which is only applicable to single piece, small batch, special pitch thread and no corresponding tool.3.3 specific procedures
N5 G90 G54 G0 X0 Y0N10 Z15N15 S100 M3 M8
N20 G04 X5 delay to make the spindle reach the rated speedN25 G33 z-50 K1.5 turnbuckleN30 M19 spindle orientation
N35 G0 X-2 cutterN40 G0 z15 tool retractionEditing: JQ