What Is Cnc Parts?
cnc parts now has become one of the most favored products in the market. It takes a lot of time and efforts for Honscn Co.,Ltd to finish the production. It has undergone a lot of fine production procedures. Its design style is ahead of the trend and its appearance is highly appealing. We also introduce a complete set of equipment and utilize technologies to ensure 100% quality. Before delivery, it will undergo rigorous quality checks.
After successfully establishing our own brand HONSCN, we have taken several measures to enhance brand awareness. We established an official website and invested heavily in advertising the products. This move proves to be effective for us to gain more control over the online presence and get a lot of exposure. To expand our customer base, we actively participate in domestic and overseas exhibitions, attracting more customers' attention. All these measures contribute to the promoted brand reputation.
As a company putting customer satisfaction the first, we are always standby to answer the questions involving our cnc parts and other products. At Honscn, we have established a group of service team who are all ready to serve customers. They are all well trained to provide customers with prompt online service.
Shenzhen Honsc Precision is a professional manufacturer of screw, standoff,nut and others fasteners. We offer OEM and ODM service with any related products for customers. We have a professional team of product internal structure design and engineers, as well as a professional packaging team, our sales and documentation and logistics departments can finish the requirements of presentation of documents under various payment methods and different transportation modes.
• We will provide samples with regular colors, regular functions, no brand printing and PE bag packaging to confirm the styles and basic parameters for customers
• After receiving the regular samples, customers will arrange the size and magnetic test, After confirming that the size are approval, we will arrange second sampling when the customer needs us to improve the product function magnetic. The following are the details required by the customer and we provide redesign to meet requirment.
Meantime, we will test it before shipping samples. And all tests are strictly carried out according to industry standards.
• After receiving T2 samples (designated special size and magnetic adjustment, etc.), customer arrange tests again. If confirmed the sample okay, the customer needs us to provide the certificates of this product conforming to EU standards, such as RoHS and MSDS before placing order. And the list of CE compliance statements as follows. All of our products are in accordance with all the European certification, such as CE, RoHS, REACH, etc., and all of them have prepared standard documents for customers checking.
• We start to prepare the order materials when customer confirm all the details such as color, size, function and other details of the final sample.
After the package such as qty, card, shipping mark etc. are provided by customer, we starts to arrange the master production. After all the goods finished, send picture to customer for approval. We promise the packaging is same as customer requested, master products are exactly the same as the final samples. The following photos of the master shipment, the passing rate of the third-party inspection of our company is 100%.
• After receiving shipment of whole order, customer put it on the market immediately and became the most popular product in the market quickly, no matter from the traditional market, the market of high-end professional fasteners or the online sales in Amazon. We always pay much attention to the quality of our products, which is recognized by customers and repurchased constantly.
• We will provide samples with regular colors, regular functions, no brand printing and PE bag packaging to confirm the styles and basic parameters for customers
• After receiving the regular samples, customers will arrange the size and magnetic test, After confirming that the size are approval, we will arrange second sampling when the customer needs us to improve the product function magnetic. The following are the details required by the customer and we provide redesign to meet requirment.
Meantime, we will test it before shipping samples. And all tests are strictly carried out according to industry standards.
• After receiving T2 samples (designated special size and magnetic adjustment, etc.), customer arrange tests again. If confirmed the sample okay, the customer needs us to provide the certificates of this product conforming to EU standards, such as RoHS and MSDS before placing order. And the list of CE compliance statements as follows. All of our products are in accordance with all the European certification, such as CE, RoHS, REACH, etc., and all of them have prepared standard documents for customers checking.
• We start to prepare the order materials when customer confirm all the details such as color, size, function and other details of the final sample.
After the package such as qty, card, shipping mark etc. are provided by customer, we starts to arrange the master production. After all the goods finished, send picture to customer for approval. We promise the packaging is same as customer requested, master products are exactly the same as the final samples. The following photos of the master shipment, the passing rate of the third-party inspection of our company is 100%.
• After receiving shipment of whole order, customer put it on the market immediately and became the most popular product in the market quickly, no matter from the traditional market, the market of high-end professional fasteners or the online sales in Amazon. We always pay much attention to the quality of our products, which is recognized by customers and repurchased constantly.
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) custom machining services play a crucial role in the 3C (Computers, Communications, and Consumer Electronics) industry.
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) custom machining services
3C Industry
Here are some specific applications of CNC custom machining in 3C electronics:
1. Prototyping and Product Development: CNC machining is extensively used in the prototyping phase of 3C electronics. It allows for the creation of precise and custom components, facilitating rapid prototyping and iterative design improvements before mass production.
2. Customized Casings and Enclosures: CNC machining enables the production of intricate and precisely designed casings, housings, and enclosures for electronic devices. These casings can be tailor-made to fit specific components, ensuring optimal functionality and aesthetics.
3. Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs): CNC machining is used for creating PCBs with high precision. CNC milling and drilling machines can fabricate complex PCB designs, ensuring accurate placement of holes, traces, and components.
4. Heat Sinks and Cooling Systems: In electronic devices, managing heat is crucial for optimal performance and longevity. CNC machining helps create intricate heat sinks and cooling systems with specialized designs to dissipate heat effectively.
5. Connectors and Adapters: Custom CNC machining produces connectors, adapters, and specialized components that facilitate connectivity within electronic devices. These components can be tailored to meet specific device requirements.
6. Button and Control Interfaces: CNC machining enables the creation of precise and customized buttons, knobs, and control interfaces for electronic devices. This ensures ergonomic design and functionality.
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) custom machining services
3C Industry
Here are some specific applications of CNC custom machining in 3C electronics:
1. Prototyping and Product Development: CNC machining is extensively used in the prototyping phase of 3C electronics. It allows for the creation of precise and custom components, facilitating rapid prototyping and iterative design improvements before mass production.
2. Customized Casings and Enclosures: CNC machining enables the production of intricate and precisely designed casings, housings, and enclosures for electronic devices. These casings can be tailor-made to fit specific components, ensuring optimal functionality and aesthetics.
3. Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs): CNC machining is used for creating PCBs with high precision. CNC milling and drilling machines can fabricate complex PCB designs, ensuring accurate placement of holes, traces, and components.
4. Heat Sinks and Cooling Systems: In electronic devices, managing heat is crucial for optimal performance and longevity. CNC machining helps create intricate heat sinks and cooling systems with specialized designs to dissipate heat effectively.
5. Connectors and Adapters: Custom CNC machining produces connectors, adapters, and specialized components that facilitate connectivity within electronic devices. These components can be tailored to meet specific device requirements.
6. Button and Control Interfaces: CNC machining enables the creation of precise and customized buttons, knobs, and control interfaces for electronic devices. This ensures ergonomic design and functionality.
How to choose the right CNC machining material？
The materials are wrong, all in vain! In order to produce satisfactory products, the choice of materials is the most basic step and the most critical step. CNC machining can choose a lot of materials, including metal materials, non-metallic materials and composite materials.
Common metal materials include steel, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, stainless steel and so on. Non-metallic materials are engineering plastics, nylon, bakelite, epoxy resin and so on. Composite materials are fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin, glass fiber reinforced aluminum and so on.
Different materials have different physical and mechanical properties, and the correct selection of the right material is critical to the performance, accuracy and durability of the part. Starting from my own experience, this article will share with you how to choose low cost and suitable materials among many processing materials.
Determine the actual application requirements of the product
First, we need to determine the end use of the product and its parts. For example, medical equipment needs to be disinfected, lunch boxes need to be heated in the microwave oven, bearings, gears, etc., need to be used for load-bearing and multiple rotational friction.
Transform the application requirements of the material into the characteristics of the material
After determining the use, starting from the actual application needs of the product, the use of the product is investigated, and its technical requirements and environmental requirements are analyzed, and these needs are transformed into the characteristics of the material. For example, parts of medical equipment may have to withstand the extreme heat of an autoclave; Bearings, gears and other materials have requirements for wear resistance, tensile strength and compressive strength. Mainly can be analyzed from the following points:
01 Environmental Requirements
Analyze the actual use scenario and environment of the product; For example: What is the long-term working temperature of the product, the highest/lowest working temperature, respectively, belonging to high temperature or low temperature? Are there UV protection requirements indoors or outdoors? Is it in a dry environment or a humid, corrosive environment? Etc.
02 Technical Requirements
According to the technical requirements of the product, the required capabilities are analyzed, which can cover a range of application-related factors. Such as: the product needs to have conductive, insulating or anti-static which of the capabilities? Is heat dissipation, thermal conductivity, or flame retardant required? Do you need exposure to chemical solvents? Etc.
03 Physical Performance requirements
Analyze the required physical properties of the part based on the intended use of the product and the environment in which it will be used. For parts subjected to high stress or wear, factors such as strength, toughness and wear resistance are critical; For parts exposed to high temperatures for a long time, good thermal stability is required.
04 Appearance and surface treatment requirements
The market acceptance of the product depends largely on the appearance, the color and transparency of different materials are different, the finish and the corresponding surface treatment are also different. Therefore, according to the aesthetic requirements of the product, the processing materials should be selected.
05 Processing performance considerations
The machining properties of the material will affect the manufacturing process and accuracy of the part. For example, although stainless steel is rust resistant and corrosion resistant, its hardness is high, and it is easy to wear the tool during processing, resulting in very high processing costs, and it is not a good material to process. The plastic hardness is low, but it is easy to soften and deform during the heating process, and the stability is poor, which needs to be selected according to actual needs.
Find materials that match the characteristics
Because the actual application requirements of the product are composed of a number of contents, there may be multiple materials that meet the application requirements of a product; Or the situation where the optimal selection of different application requirements corresponds to different materials; We may end up with several materials that meet our specific requirements. Therefore, once the desired material properties are clearly defined, the remaining selection step is to search for the material that best matches those properties.
The selection of candidate materials begins with a review of material properties data, of course, it is not possible to investigate thousands of applied materials, and there is no need to do so. We can start from the material category, and first decide whether we need metal materials, non-metallic materials or composite materials. Then the previous analysis results, corresponding to the material characteristics, narrow the selection of candidate materials. Finally, the material cost information is used to select the most suitable material for the product from a number of candidate materials.
At present, Honscn has selected and launched a number of materials suitable for processing, which have been a popular choice for our customers.
Introduction to the properties of metal materials
Metallic materials refer to materials with properties such as luster, ductility, easy conduction and heat transfer. Its performance is mainly divided into four aspects, namely: mechanical properties, chemical properties, physical properties, process properties. These properties determine the scope of application of the material and the rationality of the application, which is an important reference for us to choose metal materials.The following will introduce two types of metal materials, aluminum alloy and copper alloy, which have different mechanical properties and processing characteristics.
Aluminium alloy
There are more than 1000 aluminum alloy grades registered in the world, each brand name and meaning are different, different grades of aluminum alloy in hardness, strength, processability, decoration, corrosion resistance, weldability and other mechanical properties and chemical properties there are obvious differences, each has its strengths and weaknesses.
hardness
Hardness refers to its ability to resist scratches or indentations. It has a direct relationship with the chemical composition of the alloy, and different states have different effects on the hardness of aluminum. The hardness directly affects the cutting speed and the type of tool material that can be used in CNC machining.
From the highest hardness that can be achieved, 7 series > 2 series > 6 series > 5 series > 3 series > 1 series.
intensity
Strength refers to its ability to resist deformation and fracture, commonly used indicators include yield strength, tensile strength and so on.
It is an important factor that must be considered in product design, especially when aluminum alloy components are used as structural parts, the appropriate alloy should be selected according to the pressure under.
There is a positive relationship between hardness and strength: the strength of pure aluminum is the lowest, and the strength of 2 series and 7 series heat-treated alloys is the highest.
density
Density refers to its mass per unit volume and is often used to calculate the weight of a material.
Density is an important factor for a variety of different applications. Depending on the application, the density of aluminum will have a significant impact on how it is used. For example, lightweight, high-strength aluminum is ideal for construction and industrial applications.
The density of aluminum is about 2700kg/m³, and the density value of different types of aluminum alloy does not change much.
Corrosion resistance
Corrosion resistance refers to its ability to resist corrosion when in contact with other substances. It includes chemical corrosion resistance, electrochemical corrosion resistance, stress corrosion resistance and other properties.
Corrosion resistance selection principle should be based on its use occasion, high-strength alloy used in a corrosive environment, must use a variety of anti-corrosion composite materials.
In general, the corrosion resistance of series 1 pure aluminum is the best, series 5 performs well, followed by series 3 and 6, and series 2 and 7 are poor.
processability
The machinability includes formability and machinability. Because formability is related to the state, after selecting the grade of aluminum alloy, it is also necessary to consider the strength range of each state, usually high strength materials are not easy to form.
If the aluminum is to be bent, drawn, deep drawing and other forming processes, the formability of the fully annealed material is the best, and on the contrary, the formability of the heat-treated material is the worst.
The machinability of aluminum alloy has a great relationship with the alloy composition, usually higher strength aluminum alloy machinability is better, on the contrary, low strength machinability is poor.
For molds, mechanical parts and other products that need to be cut, the machinability of aluminum alloy is an important consideration.
Welding and bending properties
Most aluminum alloys are welded without problems. In particular, some 5 series aluminum alloys are specially designed for welding considerations; Relatively speaking, some 2 series and 7 series aluminum alloys are more difficult to weld.
In addition, the 5 series aluminum alloy is also the most suitable for bending a class of aluminum alloy products.
Decorative property
When aluminum is applied to decoration or some specific occasions, its surface needs to be processed to obtain the corresponding color and surface organization. This situation requires us to focus on the decorative properties of materials.
Aluminum surface treatment options include anodizing and spraying. In general, materials with good corrosion resistance have excellent surface treatment properties.
Other characteristics
In addition to the above characteristics, there are electrical conductivity, wear resistance, heat resistance and other properties, we need to consider more in the selection of materials.
Copper alloy
Orichalcum
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Brass with different mechanical properties can be obtained by changing the content of zinc in brass. The higher the content of zinc in brass, the higher its strength and slightly lower plasticity.
The zinc content of the brass used in the industry does not exceed 45%, and the zinc content will be brittle and make the alloy performance worse. Adding 1% tin to brass can significantly improve the resistance of brass to seawater and Marine atmosphere corrosion, so it is called "navy brass".
Tin can improve the machinability of brass. Lead brass is commonly referred to as easy to cut national standard copper. The main purpose of adding lead is to improve the machinability and wear resistance, and lead has little effect on the strength of brass. Carving copper is also a kind of lead brass.
Most brasses have good color, processability, ductility, and are easy to electroplate or paint.
Red copper
Copper is pure copper, also known as red copper, has good electrical and thermal conductivity, excellent plasticity, easy hot pressing and cold pressure processing, can be made into plates, rods, tubes, wires, strips, foil and other copper.
A large number of products that require good electrical conductivity such as electrocorroded copper and conductive bars for the manufacture of EDM, magnetic instruments and instruments that must be resistant to magnetic interference, such as compass and aviation instruments.
No matter what kind of material, a single model basically can not meet all the performance requirements of a product at the same time, and it is not necessary. We should set the priority of various performance according to the performance requirements of the product, the use of the environment, the processing process and other factors, reasonable selection of materials, and reasonable control of costs under the premise of ensuring performance.
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The success or failure of aerospace operations depends on the accuracy, precision and quality of the components used. For this reason, aerospace companies utilize advanced manufacturing techniques and processes to ensure that their components fully meet their needs. While new manufacturing methods such as 3D printing are rapidly gaining popularity in the industry, traditional manufacturing methods such as machining continue to play a key role in the production of parts and products for aerospace applications. Such as better CAM programs, application-specific machine tools, enhanced materials and coatings, and improved chip control and vibration damping - have significantly changed the way aerospace companies manufacture critical aerospace components. However, sophisticated equipment alone is not enough. Manufacturers must have the expertise to overcome the material processing challenges of the aerospace industry.
Material requirements
The manufacture of aerospace parts first requires specific material requirements. These parts typically require high strength, low density, high thermal stability and corrosion resistance to handle extreme operating conditions.
Common aerospace materials include:
1. High strength aluminum alloy
High-strength aluminum alloys are ideal for aircraft structural parts because of their light weight, corrosion resistance and ease of processing. For example, 7075 aluminum alloy is widely used in the manufacture of aerospace parts.
2. titanium alloy
Titanium alloys have excellent strength to weight ratio and are widely used in aircraft engine parts, fuselage components and screws.
3. Superalloy
Superalloys maintain strength and stability at high temperatures and are suitable for engine nozzles, turbine blades and other high-temperature parts.
4. Composite material
Carbon fiber composites perform well in reducing structural weight, increasing strength and reducing corrosion, and are commonly used in the manufacture of casings for aerospace parts and spacecraft components.
What are the process characteristics of aerospace parts processing?
Process planning and design
Process planning and design are required before processing. At this stage, it is necessary to determine the overall processing scheme according to the design requirements of the parts and material characteristics. This includes determining the process of processing, the choice of machine tool equipment, the selection of tools, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out detailed process design, including the determination of cutting profile, cutting depth, cutting speed and other parameters.
Material preparation and cutting process
In the process of aerospace parts processing, the first need to prepare working materials. Usually, the materials used in aviation parts include high-strength alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and so on. After the material preparation is completed, the cutting process is entered.
This step involves the selection of machine tools, such as CNC machine tools, lathes, milling machines, etc., as well as the selection of cutting tools. The cutting process needs to strictly control the feed speed, cutting speed, cutting depth and other parameters of the tool to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the parts.
Precision machining process
Aerospace components are usually very demanding in terms of size and surface quality, so precision machining is an indispensable step. At this stage, it may be necessary to use high-precision processes such as grinding and EDM. The goal of the precision machining process is to further improve the dimensional accuracy and surface finish of the parts, ensuring their reliability and stability in the aviation field.
Heat treatment
Some aerospace parts may require heat treatment after precision machining. The heat treatment process can improve the hardness, strength and corrosion resistance of the parts. This includes heat treatment methods such as quenching and tempering, which are selected according to the specific requirements of the parts.
Surface coating
In order to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of aviation parts, surface coating is usually required. Coating materials can include cemented carbide, ceramic coating, etc. Surface coatings can not only improve the performance of parts, but also extend their service life.
Assembly and testing
Do parts assembly and inspection. At this stage, the parts need to be assembled in accordance with the design requirements to ensure the accuracy of the match between the various parts. At the same time, rigorous testing is required, including dimensional testing, surface quality testing, material composition testing, etc., to ensure that parts meet aviation industry standards.
Process characteristics
Strict quality control: The quality control requirements of aviation parts are very strict, and strict testing and control are required at each processing stage of aviation parts to ensure that the quality of parts meets the standards.
High precision requirements: Aerospace components typically require very high accuracy, including dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy and surface quality. Therefore, high-precision machine tools and tools need to be used in the processing process to ensure that the parts meet the design requirements.
Complex structure design: Aviation parts often have complex structures, and it is necessary to use multi-axis CNC machine tools and other equipment to meet the processing needs of complex structures.
High temperature resistance and high strength: aviation parts usually work in harsh environments such as high temperature and high pressure, so it is necessary to choose high temperature resistance and high strength materials, and carry out the corresponding heat treatment process.
Overall, aerospace parts processing is a highly technology-intensive, precision demanding process that requires strict operating processes and advanced processing equipment to ensure that the quality and performance of the final parts can meet the stringent requirements of the aviation sector.
Processing difficulties
Aerospace parts processing is challenging, mainly in the following areas:
Complex geometry
Aerospace parts often have complex geometrics that require high-precision machining to meet design requirements.
Super alloy processing
The processing of superalloys is difficult and requires special tools and processes to handle these hard materials.
Large parts
The parts of the spacecraft are usually very large, requiring large CNC machine tools and special processing equipment.
Quality control
The aerospace industry is extremely demanding on part quality and requires rigorous quality control and inspection to ensure that every part meets the standards.
In aerospace parts processing, precision and reliability are key. A deep understanding and fine control of materials, processes, precision and machining difficulties is the key to manufacturing high-quality aerospace parts.
Material requirements
The manufacture of aerospace parts first requires specific material requirements. These parts typically require high strength, low density, high thermal stability and corrosion resistance to handle extreme operating conditions.
Common aerospace materials include:
1. High strength aluminum alloy
High-strength aluminum alloys are ideal for aircraft structural parts because of their light weight, corrosion resistance and ease of processing. For example, 7075 aluminum alloy is widely used in the manufacture of aerospace parts.
2. titanium alloy
Titanium alloys have excellent strength to weight ratio and are widely used in aircraft engine parts, fuselage components and screws.
3. Superalloy
Superalloys maintain strength and stability at high temperatures and are suitable for engine nozzles, turbine blades and other high-temperature parts.
4. Composite material
Carbon fiber composites perform well in reducing structural weight, increasing strength and reducing corrosion, and are commonly used in the manufacture of casings for aerospace parts and spacecraft components.
What are the process characteristics of aerospace parts processing?
Process planning and design
Process planning and design are required before processing. At this stage, it is necessary to determine the overall processing scheme according to the design requirements of the parts and material characteristics. This includes determining the process of processing, the choice of machine tool equipment, the selection of tools, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out detailed process design, including the determination of cutting profile, cutting depth, cutting speed and other parameters.
Material preparation and cutting process
In the process of aerospace parts processing, the first need to prepare working materials. Usually, the materials used in aviation parts include high-strength alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and so on. After the material preparation is completed, the cutting process is entered.
This step involves the selection of machine tools, such as CNC machine tools, lathes, milling machines, etc., as well as the selection of cutting tools. The cutting process needs to strictly control the feed speed, cutting speed, cutting depth and other parameters of the tool to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the parts.
Precision machining process
Aerospace components are usually very demanding in terms of size and surface quality, so precision machining is an indispensable step. At this stage, it may be necessary to use high-precision processes such as grinding and EDM. The goal of the precision machining process is to further improve the dimensional accuracy and surface finish of the parts, ensuring their reliability and stability in the aviation field.
Heat treatment
Some aerospace parts may require heat treatment after precision machining. The heat treatment process can improve the hardness, strength and corrosion resistance of the parts. This includes heat treatment methods such as quenching and tempering, which are selected according to the specific requirements of the parts.
Surface coating
In order to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of aviation parts, surface coating is usually required. Coating materials can include cemented carbide, ceramic coating, etc. Surface coatings can not only improve the performance of parts, but also extend their service life.
Assembly and testing
Do parts assembly and inspection. At this stage, the parts need to be assembled in accordance with the design requirements to ensure the accuracy of the match between the various parts. At the same time, rigorous testing is required, including dimensional testing, surface quality testing, material composition testing, etc., to ensure that parts meet aviation industry standards.
Process characteristics
Strict quality control: The quality control requirements of aviation parts are very strict, and strict testing and control are required at each processing stage of aviation parts to ensure that the quality of parts meets the standards.
High precision requirements: Aerospace components typically require very high accuracy, including dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy and surface quality. Therefore, high-precision machine tools and tools need to be used in the processing process to ensure that the parts meet the design requirements.
Complex structure design: Aviation parts often have complex structures, and it is necessary to use multi-axis CNC machine tools and other equipment to meet the processing needs of complex structures.
High temperature resistance and high strength: aviation parts usually work in harsh environments such as high temperature and high pressure, so it is necessary to choose high temperature resistance and high strength materials, and carry out the corresponding heat treatment process.
Overall, aerospace parts processing is a highly technology-intensive, precision demanding process that requires strict operating processes and advanced processing equipment to ensure that the quality and performance of the final parts can meet the stringent requirements of the aviation sector.
Processing difficulties
Aerospace parts processing is challenging, mainly in the following areas:
Complex geometry
Aerospace parts often have complex geometrics that require high-precision machining to meet design requirements.
Super alloy processing
The processing of superalloys is difficult and requires special tools and processes to handle these hard materials.
Large parts
The parts of the spacecraft are usually very large, requiring large CNC machine tools and special processing equipment.
Quality control
The aerospace industry is extremely demanding on part quality and requires rigorous quality control and inspection to ensure that every part meets the standards.
In aerospace parts processing, precision and reliability are key. A deep understanding and fine control of materials, processes, precision and machining difficulties is the key to manufacturing high-quality aerospace parts.
Thread machining is one of the very important applications of CNC machining center. The machining quality and efficiency of thread will directly affect the machining quality of parts and the production efficiency of machining center.With the improvement of the performance of CNC machining center and the improvement of cutting tools, the method of thread machining is also improving, and the accuracy and efficiency of thread machining are also gradually improving. In order to enable technicians to reasonably select thread processing methods in processing, improve production efficiency and avoid quality accidents, several thread processing methods commonly used in CNC machining center are summarized as follows:1. Tap processing method
1.1 classification and characteristics of tap processingUsing tap to process threaded hole is the most commonly used processing method. It is mainly applicable to threaded holes with small diameter (d30) and low requirements for hole position accuracy.
In the 1980s, the flexible tapping method was adopted for threaded holes, that is, the flexible tapping collet was used to clamp the tap. The tapping collet can be used for axial compensation to compensate the feed error caused by the non synchronization between the axial feed of the machine tool and the spindle speed, so as to ensure the correct pitch. The flexible tapping collet has complex structure, high cost, easy damage and low processing efficiency. In recent years, the performance of CNC machining center Gradually, the rigid tapping function has become the basic configuration of CNC machining center.
Therefore, rigid tapping has become the main method of thread machining.That is, the tap is clamped with a rigid spring collet, and the feed of the spindle is consistent with the spindle speed controlled by the machine tool.Compared with the flexible tapping chuck, the spring chuck has the advantages of simple structure, low price and wide application. In addition to holding the tap, it can also hold the end milling cutter, drill bit and other tools, which can reduce the tool cost. At the same time, the rigid tapping can be used for high-speed cutting, improve the use efficiency of the processing center and reduce the manufacturing cost.
1.2 determination of threaded bottom hole before tappingThe processing of threaded bottom hole has a great impact on the life of tap and the quality of thread processing. Generally, the diameter of threaded bottom hole drill is close to the upper limit of the diameter tolerance of threaded bottom hole,For example, the bottom hole diameter of M8 threaded hole is 6.7 0.27mm, select the drill bit diameter as 6.9mm. In this way, the machining allowance of tap can be reduced, the load of tap can be reduced, and the service life of tap can be improved.
1.3 selection of tapWhen selecting taps, first of all, the corresponding taps must be selected according to the processed materials. The tool company produces different types of taps according to different processing materials, and special attention should be paid to the selection.
Because the tap is very sensitive to the processed materials compared with the milling cutter and boring cutter. For example, using the tap for processing cast iron to process aluminum parts is easy to cause thread dropping, disorderly threading and even tap breaking, resulting in workpiece scrapping. Secondly, pay attention to the difference between the through-hole tap and the blind hole tap. The front-end guide of the through-hole tap is long, and the chip removal is the front-end chip. The front-end guide of the blind hole is short, and the chip removal is the front-end It is the back chip. Machining the blind hole with a through-hole tap cannot guarantee the thread machining depth. Moreover, if a flexible tapping collet is used, it should also be noted that the diameter of the tap handle and the width of the four sides should be the same as that of the tapping collet; the diameter of the tap handle for rigid tapping should be the same as that of the spring jacket. In short, only a reasonable selection of the tap can ensure the smooth machining.
1.4 NC programming of tap machiningThe programming of tap machining is relatively simple. Now the machining center generally solidifies the tapping subroutine and only needs to assign values to various parameters. However, it should be noted that the meaning of some parameters is different due to different NC systems and different subroutine formats.For example, the programming format of Siemens 840C control system is g84 x_y_r2_r3_r4_r5_r6_r7_r8_r9_r10_r13_. Only these 12 parameters need to be assigned during programming.
2. Thread milling method2.1 characteristics of thread millingThread milling adopts thread milling tool and three-axis linkage of machining center, that is, x-axis and y-axis arc interpolation and z-axis linear feed.
Thread milling is mainly used to process large hole threads and threaded holes of difficult to process materials. It mainly has the following characteristics:(1) high processing speed, high efficiency and high processing precision. The tool material is generally cemented carbide, with fast tool walking speed. The manufacturing precision of the tool is high, so the milling thread precision is high.(2) the milling tool has a wide range of application. As long as the pitch is the same, whether it is left-hand thread or right-hand thread, one tool can be used, which is conducive to reducing the tool cost.
(3) milling is easy to remove chips and cool, and the cutting condition is better than that of tap. It is especially suitable for thread processing of difficult to process materials such as aluminum, copper and stainless steel, especially for thread processing of large parts and components of precious materials, which can ensure the thread processing quality and workpiece safety.(4) because there is no tool front-end guide, it is suitable for machining blind holes with short thread bottom holes and holes without tool return grooves.2.2 classification of thread milling tools
Thread milling tools can be divided into two types, one is the machine clamp cemented carbide blade milling cutter, and the other is the integral cemented carbide milling cutter. The machine clamp cutter has a wide range of applications. It can process holes with thread depth less than the blade length or holes with thread depth greater than the blade length. The integral cemented carbide milling cutter is generally used to process holes with thread depth less than the tool length.2.3 NC programming of thread millingThe programming of thread milling tool is different from that of other tools. If the processing program is wrong, it is easy to cause tool damage or thread processing error. The following points should be paid attention to during programming:
(1) firstly, the threaded bottom hole shall be processed well, the small diameter hole shall be processed with a drill, and the larger hole shall be bored to ensure the accuracy of the threaded bottom hole.(2) when cutting in and cutting out the tool, the arc path shall be adopted, usually 1 / 2 turn, and 1 / 2 pitch shall be traveled in the z-axis direction to ensure the thread shape. The tool radius compensation value shall be brought in at this time.(3) the x-axis and y-axis circular arc shall be interpolated for one week, and the main shaft shall travel a pitch along the z-axis direction, otherwise the threads will be buckled disorderly.
(4) specific example program: the diameter of thread milling cutter is 16. The threaded hole is M48 1.5, the depth of threaded hole is 14.The processing procedure is as follows:(the procedure of threaded bottom hole is omitted, and the bottom hole shall be bored) G0 G90 g54 x0 y0g0 Z10 m3 s1400 m8g0 z-14.75 feed to the deepest thread G01 G41 x-16 Y0 F2000 move to the feed position, add radius compensation G03 x24 Y0 z-14 I20 J0 f500 cut in with 1 / 2 circle of arc G03 x24 Y0 Z0 I-24 J0 F400 cut the whole thread G03 x-16 Y0 z0.75 I-20 J0 f500 cut out with 1 / 2 circle of arc G01 G40 x0 Y0 return to the center and cancel radius compensation G0 Z100M30
3. Snap method3.1 characteristics of snap methodLarge threaded holes can sometimes be encountered on box parts. In the absence of tap and thread milling cutter, the method similar to lathe pick-up can be adopted.
Install the thread turning tool on the boring bar to bore the thread.The company once processed a batch of parts with m52x1.5 thread and 0.1mm positional degree (see Figure 1). Because of the high positional requirements and large thread hole, it is impossible to process with tap and there is no thread milling cutter. After the test, the thread picking method is adopted to ensure the processing requirements.3.2 precautions for buckle picking method
(1) after the spindle is started, there shall be a delay time to ensure that the spindle reaches the rated speed.(2) during tool retraction, if it is a hand ground thread tool, because the tool cannot be grinded symmetrically, reverse tool retraction cannot be adopted. The spindle orientation must be adopted, the tool moves radially, and then the tool retraction.(3) the manufacturing of the cutter bar must be accurate, especially the position of the cutter slot must be consistent. If it is inconsistent, multiple cutter bars cannot be used for processing, otherwise it will cause disorderly buckle.
(4) even if it is a very fine buckle, it cannot be picked with one knife, otherwise it will cause tooth loss and poor surface roughness. At least two knives shall be divided.(5) the processing efficiency is low, which is only applicable to single piece, small batch, special pitch thread and no corresponding tool.3.3 specific procedures
N5 G90 G54 G0 X0 Y0N10 Z15N15 S100 M3 M8
N20 G04 X5 delay to make the spindle reach the rated speedN25 G33 z-50 K1.5 turnbuckleN30 M19 spindle orientation
N35 G0 X-2 cutterN40 G0 z15 tool retractionEditing: JQ
1.1 classification and characteristics of tap processingUsing tap to process threaded hole is the most commonly used processing method. It is mainly applicable to threaded holes with small diameter (d30) and low requirements for hole position accuracy.
In the 1980s, the flexible tapping method was adopted for threaded holes, that is, the flexible tapping collet was used to clamp the tap. The tapping collet can be used for axial compensation to compensate the feed error caused by the non synchronization between the axial feed of the machine tool and the spindle speed, so as to ensure the correct pitch. The flexible tapping collet has complex structure, high cost, easy damage and low processing efficiency. In recent years, the performance of CNC machining center Gradually, the rigid tapping function has become the basic configuration of CNC machining center.
Therefore, rigid tapping has become the main method of thread machining.That is, the tap is clamped with a rigid spring collet, and the feed of the spindle is consistent with the spindle speed controlled by the machine tool.Compared with the flexible tapping chuck, the spring chuck has the advantages of simple structure, low price and wide application. In addition to holding the tap, it can also hold the end milling cutter, drill bit and other tools, which can reduce the tool cost. At the same time, the rigid tapping can be used for high-speed cutting, improve the use efficiency of the processing center and reduce the manufacturing cost.
1.2 determination of threaded bottom hole before tappingThe processing of threaded bottom hole has a great impact on the life of tap and the quality of thread processing. Generally, the diameter of threaded bottom hole drill is close to the upper limit of the diameter tolerance of threaded bottom hole,For example, the bottom hole diameter of M8 threaded hole is 6.7 0.27mm, select the drill bit diameter as 6.9mm. In this way, the machining allowance of tap can be reduced, the load of tap can be reduced, and the service life of tap can be improved.
1.3 selection of tapWhen selecting taps, first of all, the corresponding taps must be selected according to the processed materials. The tool company produces different types of taps according to different processing materials, and special attention should be paid to the selection.
Because the tap is very sensitive to the processed materials compared with the milling cutter and boring cutter. For example, using the tap for processing cast iron to process aluminum parts is easy to cause thread dropping, disorderly threading and even tap breaking, resulting in workpiece scrapping. Secondly, pay attention to the difference between the through-hole tap and the blind hole tap. The front-end guide of the through-hole tap is long, and the chip removal is the front-end chip. The front-end guide of the blind hole is short, and the chip removal is the front-end It is the back chip. Machining the blind hole with a through-hole tap cannot guarantee the thread machining depth. Moreover, if a flexible tapping collet is used, it should also be noted that the diameter of the tap handle and the width of the four sides should be the same as that of the tapping collet; the diameter of the tap handle for rigid tapping should be the same as that of the spring jacket. In short, only a reasonable selection of the tap can ensure the smooth machining.
1.4 NC programming of tap machiningThe programming of tap machining is relatively simple. Now the machining center generally solidifies the tapping subroutine and only needs to assign values to various parameters. However, it should be noted that the meaning of some parameters is different due to different NC systems and different subroutine formats.For example, the programming format of Siemens 840C control system is g84 x_y_r2_r3_r4_r5_r6_r7_r8_r9_r10_r13_. Only these 12 parameters need to be assigned during programming.
2. Thread milling method2.1 characteristics of thread millingThread milling adopts thread milling tool and three-axis linkage of machining center, that is, x-axis and y-axis arc interpolation and z-axis linear feed.
Thread milling is mainly used to process large hole threads and threaded holes of difficult to process materials. It mainly has the following characteristics:(1) high processing speed, high efficiency and high processing precision. The tool material is generally cemented carbide, with fast tool walking speed. The manufacturing precision of the tool is high, so the milling thread precision is high.(2) the milling tool has a wide range of application. As long as the pitch is the same, whether it is left-hand thread or right-hand thread, one tool can be used, which is conducive to reducing the tool cost.
(3) milling is easy to remove chips and cool, and the cutting condition is better than that of tap. It is especially suitable for thread processing of difficult to process materials such as aluminum, copper and stainless steel, especially for thread processing of large parts and components of precious materials, which can ensure the thread processing quality and workpiece safety.(4) because there is no tool front-end guide, it is suitable for machining blind holes with short thread bottom holes and holes without tool return grooves.2.2 classification of thread milling tools
Thread milling tools can be divided into two types, one is the machine clamp cemented carbide blade milling cutter, and the other is the integral cemented carbide milling cutter. The machine clamp cutter has a wide range of applications. It can process holes with thread depth less than the blade length or holes with thread depth greater than the blade length. The integral cemented carbide milling cutter is generally used to process holes with thread depth less than the tool length.2.3 NC programming of thread millingThe programming of thread milling tool is different from that of other tools. If the processing program is wrong, it is easy to cause tool damage or thread processing error. The following points should be paid attention to during programming:
(1) firstly, the threaded bottom hole shall be processed well, the small diameter hole shall be processed with a drill, and the larger hole shall be bored to ensure the accuracy of the threaded bottom hole.(2) when cutting in and cutting out the tool, the arc path shall be adopted, usually 1 / 2 turn, and 1 / 2 pitch shall be traveled in the z-axis direction to ensure the thread shape. The tool radius compensation value shall be brought in at this time.(3) the x-axis and y-axis circular arc shall be interpolated for one week, and the main shaft shall travel a pitch along the z-axis direction, otherwise the threads will be buckled disorderly.
(4) specific example program: the diameter of thread milling cutter is 16. The threaded hole is M48 1.5, the depth of threaded hole is 14.The processing procedure is as follows:(the procedure of threaded bottom hole is omitted, and the bottom hole shall be bored) G0 G90 g54 x0 y0g0 Z10 m3 s1400 m8g0 z-14.75 feed to the deepest thread G01 G41 x-16 Y0 F2000 move to the feed position, add radius compensation G03 x24 Y0 z-14 I20 J0 f500 cut in with 1 / 2 circle of arc G03 x24 Y0 Z0 I-24 J0 F400 cut the whole thread G03 x-16 Y0 z0.75 I-20 J0 f500 cut out with 1 / 2 circle of arc G01 G40 x0 Y0 return to the center and cancel radius compensation G0 Z100M30
3. Snap method3.1 characteristics of snap methodLarge threaded holes can sometimes be encountered on box parts. In the absence of tap and thread milling cutter, the method similar to lathe pick-up can be adopted.
Install the thread turning tool on the boring bar to bore the thread.The company once processed a batch of parts with m52x1.5 thread and 0.1mm positional degree (see Figure 1). Because of the high positional requirements and large thread hole, it is impossible to process with tap and there is no thread milling cutter. After the test, the thread picking method is adopted to ensure the processing requirements.3.2 precautions for buckle picking method
(1) after the spindle is started, there shall be a delay time to ensure that the spindle reaches the rated speed.(2) during tool retraction, if it is a hand ground thread tool, because the tool cannot be grinded symmetrically, reverse tool retraction cannot be adopted. The spindle orientation must be adopted, the tool moves radially, and then the tool retraction.(3) the manufacturing of the cutter bar must be accurate, especially the position of the cutter slot must be consistent. If it is inconsistent, multiple cutter bars cannot be used for processing, otherwise it will cause disorderly buckle.
(4) even if it is a very fine buckle, it cannot be picked with one knife, otherwise it will cause tooth loss and poor surface roughness. At least two knives shall be divided.(5) the processing efficiency is low, which is only applicable to single piece, small batch, special pitch thread and no corresponding tool.3.3 specific procedures
N5 G90 G54 G0 X0 Y0N10 Z15N15 S100 M3 M8
N20 G04 X5 delay to make the spindle reach the rated speedN25 G33 z-50 K1.5 turnbuckleN30 M19 spindle orientation
N35 G0 X-2 cutterN40 G0 z15 tool retractionEditing: JQ
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