In the field of machining industry, the precision size control of drawings plays a vital role, which directly affects the assembly performance and quality of mechanical equipment. The main factor affecting the size of precision machining is the error problem, because the error problem is affected by a variety of factors, in the machine precision machining will inevitably appear a variety of error problems, so only the use of various technical measures, the precision control in a scientific range. This requires technical personnel to strictly process according to the production drawings, and strictly require the machining process flow, so as to ensure the accuracy of the size of the precision machining production drawings to the greatest extent.

Today, with the rapid development of social economy and industrial reform, the role played by precision machining has become more and more important, and China's machining industry has also made great progress, not only the quality has been greatly improved, but also greatly expanded in the scale of production. With the development of the industrialization process, the precision of precision machining is also more and more attention, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the control of precision in the process of machining (precision machining process, the control of precision must be attached great importance, and take reasonable technical measures to solve the problems.

In the field of mechanical processing in China, there is a clear definition of the accuracy of mechanical processing, which refers to the professional and technical personnel after the completion of the processing of mechanical parts, the use of instruments to detect the position of the parts, shape, size and related data, so as to determine the degree of compliance of the parts. Generally speaking, the main factor affecting the accuracy of machining is the various errors generated in machining, and the operators and technical units of technical processing must attach great importance to this problem. In machining, the control and grasp of precision are obviously related to the error problem of machining. Machining error is mainly reflected by the shape, size and position, it is through the use of mechanical size control to achieve the purpose of controlling the precision of machining, in ensuring the surface quality of machining, the machining size error control within a reasonable range. In the process of machining, due to the impact of the benchmark and the machining surface, it will cause the deviation of the position of the precision parts, so the verticality, position and parallelism of the precision machining must be strictly controlled.

In the process of precision machining, there are strict requirements for various production technologies and production processes, so as to reduce or even eliminate the purpose of machining technology errors. In machining, the error between the spindle rotation is an important factor affecting the accuracy. In the process of modern mechanical production and processing, the error caused by the spindle rotation problem is very obvious, which is more obvious in high-tech and high-precision products, which is also an important factor affecting the processing. For the resulting error, the error can be reduced by processing and transforming the machinery. In addition, bearings with higher precision can also be used, which can also significantly reduce the resulting error.

In addition to the error caused by the spindle rotation, the error caused by the problem of the fixture and the tool can not be ignored. Due to the requirements of production, machining manufacturers will renovate the size, type and model of fixtures and tools to a certain extent, which will have a greater impact on the accuracy of machining. In the actual processing process, the size of the fixture and the tool are fixed, which makes it impossible to adjust the size of the fixture and the tool in the process of production and processing. This will cause a certain error flow in the mechanical processing when the technical parameters and the working environment change.

In addition, due to the process of using and installing fixtures and tools, the position of fixtures and tools will be changed, resulting in errors. Of course, the cutting force will also have a certain impact on the machining, resulting in the generation of errors, and ultimately the accuracy of the machining. Due to the influence of the external environment and temperature, the machined parts can easily affect the cutting force. The greater accuracy error is caused by the local change of the process system and the overall deformation. In the process of mechanical production and processing, if the change of the direction of the tightening degree and the insufficient stiffness of the parts are affected, the deformation of the machined parts will be caused, and the machining will produce a lot of errors, which will affect the precision control of the machining.

In the process of mechanical production and processing, the problem of processing accuracy must be strictly controlled, and the accuracy problem must be comprehensively considered, so the processing accuracy of each part must be greatly improved, so as to improve the accuracy of the entire mechanical equipment. In the process of machining, the original error plays an important role in ensuring the quality of machining. For mechanical components, it is necessary to classify them according to the requirements of relevant regulations, according to the material, type, model, size and use, and then develop a certain accuracy range, and control the precision error of the machined parts within this range. For the technical staff, it is necessary to determine a reasonable range of the error generated in the machining, and make reasonable adjustments to the fixture and the tool, so as to control the error within this reasonable range, and ultimately reduce the error of the part to the greatest extent. Only by controlling the errors in machining, can the precision control of machining be achieved to the maximum extent, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the precision of machining.

Compensating error method

Error compensation method refers to the use of processing means to achieve error compensation after the machining of mechanical parts, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the error in the processing of parts. Compensation error method is a very important technical measure to solve the stiffness problem of the process. The main principle is to compensate the original error by creating a new error, so as to improve the precision control level in precision machining. Error compensation method is an important means to reduce the machining error, which has been widely used in practice at home and abroad. In domestic regulations, the original error is generally represented by a negative number, and the compensation error is specified as a positive number, so that when the original error and the compensation error are closer to zero, the smaller the machining error.

Of course, the methods of reducing errors and improving precision control are not only these two, but also the transfer error method is a more commonly used method of reducing errors. Therefore, in the actual production process, it is necessary to choose a reasonable method to reduce the error according to different situations, so as to achieve the best precision control and promote the continuous and stable development of precision machining.

The success or failure of aerospace operations depends on the accuracy, precision and quality of the components used. For this reason, aerospace companies utilize advanced manufacturing techniques and processes to ensure that their components fully meet their needs. While new manufacturing methods such as 3D printing are rapidly gaining popularity in the industry, traditional manufacturing methods such as machining continue to play a key role in the production of parts and products for aerospace applications. Such as better CAM programs, application-specific machine tools, enhanced materials and coatings, and improved chip control and vibration damping - have significantly changed the way aerospace companies manufacture critical aerospace components. However, sophisticated equipment alone is not enough. Manufacturers must have the expertise to overcome the material processing challenges of the aerospace industry.

The manufacture of aerospace parts first requires specific material requirements. These parts typically require high strength, low density, high thermal stability and corrosion resistance to handle extreme operating conditions.

Common aerospace materials include:

1. High strength aluminum alloy

High-strength aluminum alloys are ideal for aircraft structural parts because of their light weight, corrosion resistance and ease of processing. For example, 7075 aluminum alloy is widely used in the manufacture of aerospace parts.

2. titanium alloy

Titanium alloys have excellent strength to weight ratio and are widely used in aircraft engine parts, fuselage components and screws.

3. Superalloy

Superalloys maintain strength and stability at high temperatures and are suitable for engine nozzles, turbine blades and other high-temperature parts.

4. Composite material

Carbon fiber composites perform well in reducing structural weight, increasing strength and reducing corrosion, and are commonly used in the manufacture of casings for aerospace parts and spacecraft components.

Process planning and design

Process planning and design are required before processing. At this stage, it is necessary to determine the overall processing scheme according to the design requirements of the parts and material characteristics. This includes determining the process of processing, the choice of machine tool equipment, the selection of tools, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out detailed process design, including the determination of cutting profile, cutting depth, cutting speed and other parameters.

Material preparation and cutting process

In the process of aerospace parts processing, the first need to prepare working materials. Usually, the materials used in aviation parts include high-strength alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and so on. After the material preparation is completed, the cutting process is entered.

This step involves the selection of machine tools, such as CNC machine tools, lathes, milling machines, etc., as well as the selection of cutting tools. The cutting process needs to strictly control the feed speed, cutting speed, cutting depth and other parameters of the tool to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the parts.

Precision machining process

Aerospace components are usually very demanding in terms of size and surface quality, so precision machining is an indispensable step. At this stage, it may be necessary to use high-precision processes such as grinding and EDM. The goal of the precision machining process is to further improve the dimensional accuracy and surface finish of the parts, ensuring their reliability and stability in the aviation field.

Heat treatment

Some aerospace parts may require heat treatment after precision machining. The heat treatment process can improve the hardness, strength and corrosion resistance of the parts. This includes heat treatment methods such as quenching and tempering, which are selected according to the specific requirements of the parts.

Surface coating

In order to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of aviation parts, surface coating is usually required. Coating materials can include cemented carbide, ceramic coating, etc. Surface coatings can not only improve the performance of parts, but also extend their service life.

Assembly and testing

Do parts assembly and inspection. At this stage, the parts need to be assembled in accordance with the design requirements to ensure the accuracy of the match between the various parts. At the same time, rigorous testing is required, including dimensional testing, surface quality testing, material composition testing, etc., to ensure that parts meet aviation industry standards.

Strict quality control: The quality control requirements of aviation parts are very strict, and strict testing and control are required at each processing stage of aviation parts to ensure that the quality of parts meets the standards.

High precision requirements: Aerospace components typically require very high accuracy, including dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy and surface quality. Therefore, high-precision machine tools and tools need to be used in the processing process to ensure that the parts meet the design requirements.

Complex structure design: Aviation parts often have complex structures, and it is necessary to use multi-axis CNC machine tools and other equipment to meet the processing needs of complex structures.

High temperature resistance and high strength: aviation parts usually work in harsh environments such as high temperature and high pressure, so it is necessary to choose high temperature resistance and high strength materials, and carry out the corresponding heat treatment process.

Overall, aerospace parts processing is a highly technology-intensive, precision demanding process that requires strict operating processes and advanced processing equipment to ensure that the quality and performance of the final parts can meet the stringent requirements of the aviation sector.

Aerospace parts processing is challenging, mainly in the following areas:

Complex geometry

Aerospace parts often have complex geometrics that require high-precision machining to meet design requirements.

Super alloy processing

The processing of superalloys is difficult and requires special tools and processes to handle these hard materials.

Large parts

The parts of the spacecraft are usually very large, requiring large CNC machine tools and special processing equipment.

Quality control

The aerospace industry is extremely demanding on part quality and requires rigorous quality control and inspection to ensure that every part meets the standards.

In aerospace parts processing, precision and reliability are key. A deep understanding and fine control of materials, processes, precision and machining difficulties is the key to manufacturing high-quality aerospace parts.