Numerical control drilling is a method of drilling using digital control technology. It has the characteristics of high precision, high efficiency and high repeatability. By pre-programming to set the drilling position, depth, speed and other parameters, CNC machine tools can automatically complete complex drilling operations.
CNC drilling machine is usually composed of control system, drive system, machine body and auxiliary device. The control system is the core, responsible for processing and sending instructions; The drive system realizes the movement of each axis of the machine tool; The machine body provides drilling platform and structural support; Auxiliary devices include cooling system, chip removal system, etc., to ensure the smooth process.In the manufacturing industry, CNC drilling is widely used in aerospace, automotive, mold manufacturing and other fields, which can meet the demand for high-precision drilling of parts and improve production efficiency and product quality.
What is the processing principle of CNC drilling technology
The processing principle of CNC drilling technology mainly includes the following steps:
1. Programming: The designed drilling pattern and parameters are converted into CNC machine tool identifiable processing program, through the keyboard on the operation panel or input machine to send digital information to the CNC device.
2. Signal processing: The CNC device performs a series of processing on the input signal, sends the feed servo system and other execution commands, and sends S, M, T and other command signals to the programmable controller.
3. Machine tool execution: After the programmable controller receives S, M, T and other command signals, it controls the machine tool body to execute these commands immediately, and feedbacks the execution of the machine tool body to the CNC device in real time.
4. Displacement control: After the servo system receives the feed execution command, the coordinate axes of the main body of the drive machine tool (feed mechanism) are accurately displaced in strict accordance with the requirements of the instruction, and the processing of the workpiece is automatically completed.
5. Real-time feedback: In the process of displacement of each axis, the detection feedback device will quickly feedback the measured value of the displacement to the numerical control device, so as to compare with the command value, and then issue compensation instructions to the servo system at a very fast speed until the measured value is consistent with the command value.
6. Over-range protection: in the process of displacement of each axis, if the phenomenon of "over-range" occurs, the limiting device can send some signals to the programmable controller or directly to the numerical control device, the numerical control system on the one hand sends an alarm signal through the display, on the other hand, it sends a stop command to the feed servo system to implement over-range protection.
What are the processing characteristics of CNC drilling technology?
CNC drilling technology has the following processing characteristics:
1. High degree of automation: the whole processing process is controlled by a pre-prepared program, reducing manual intervention and improving production efficiency.
2. High accuracy: It can realize high-precision drilling, accurate positioning, and the size and shape accuracy of the hole are guaranteed.
3. Good processing consistency: as long as the procedure is unchanged, the product quality is stable and the repeatability is high.
4, complex shape processing ability: can process a variety of complex shapes and structures of the workpiece to meet diverse needs.
5. Wide range of adaptation: suitable for drilling of a variety of materials, including metal, plastic, composite materials, etc.
6. High production efficiency: fast automatic tool change system and continuous processing ability, greatly shortening the processing time.
7. Easy to adjust and modify: the parameters and process of drilling can be adjusted by modifying the program, and the flexibility is strong.
8. Multi-axis linkage can be realized: drilling can be carried out in multiple directions at the same time, improving the complexity and accuracy of processing.
9. Intelligent monitoring: It can monitor various parameters in the processing process in real time, such as cutting force, temperature, etc., find problems in time and adjust them.
10. Good human-computer interaction: the operator can easily operate and monitor through the operation interface.
How to ensure the machining accuracy of CNC drilling technology?
The machining accuracy of CNC drilling technology is mainly ensured through the following aspects:
1. Machine tool accuracy: the selection of high-precision CNC drilling machine tools, including the structural design of the machine tool, manufacturing process and assembly accuracy. High-quality guide rails, lead screws and other transmission components can reduce motion errors.
2. Control system: The advanced CNC system can accurately control the movement trajectory and speed of the machine tool to achieve high-precision positioning and interpolation operations, so as to ensure the accuracy of the drilling position and depth.
3. Tool selection and installation: Select the appropriate drill bit and ensure its installation accuracy. The quality, geometry and wear of the tool all affect the machining accuracy.
4. Cooling and lubrication: A good cooling and lubrication system can reduce the generation of cutting heat, reduce tool wear, maintain the stability of the processing process, and help to improve accuracy.
5. Programming accuracy: Accurate programming is the basis for ensuring machining accuracy. Reasonable setting of drilling coordinates, feed speed, cutting depth and other parameters to avoid programming errors.
6. Measurement and compensation: Through the measurement equipment to detect the workpiece after processing, the measurement results are fed back to the numerical control system for error compensation, so as to further improve the processing accuracy.
7. Fixture positioning: to ensure the accurate and reliable positioning of the workpiece on the machine tool, reduce the impact of the clamping error on the machining accuracy.
8. Processing environment: stable temperature, humidity and clean working environment help to maintain the accuracy and stability of the machine tool, so as to ensure the processing accuracy.
9. Regular maintenance: Regular maintenance of the machine tool, including checking and adjusting the accuracy of the machine tool, replacing the worn parts, etc., to ensure that the machine tool is always in good working condition.
In CNC drilling technology, how to improve the surface quality of drilling
In CNC drilling technology, the surface quality of drilling can be improved by the following methods:
1. Choose the right tool: According to the processing material and drilling requirements, choose high quality, sharp and geometrically optimized drill bits. For example, the use of coated drill bits can reduce friction and wear and improve surface quality.
2. Optimize cutting parameters: set cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth reasonably. Higher cutting speed and proper feed usually help to obtain a better surface finish, but care should be taken to avoid excessive tool wear or machining instability due to improper parameters.
3. Full cooling and lubrication: The use of effective cooling lubricant, timely take away the cutting heat, reduce the cutting temperature, reduce tool wear and the formation of chip tumors, thereby improving the surface quality.
4. Control the processing allowance: before drilling, reasonably arrange the pre-processing process, control the allowance of the drilling part, and avoid excessive or uneven impact on the surface quality.
5. Improve the accuracy and stability of the machine tool: maintain and calibrate the machine tool regularly to ensure the motion accuracy and rigidity of the machine tool, and reduce the impact of vibration and error on the surface quality.
6. Optimize the drilling path: adopt reasonable feeding and retracting methods to avoid burrs and scratches at the hole opening.
7. Control the processing environment: keep the processing environment clean, constant temperature and humidity, reduce the interference of external factors on the processing accuracy and surface quality.
8. Using step-by-step drilling: for holes with larger diameters or high precision requirements, the method of step-by-step drilling can be used to gradually reduce the aperture and improve the surface quality.
9. Hole wall treatment: After drilling, if necessary, polishing, grinding and other subsequent treatment methods can be used to further improve the surface quality of the hole.
In what fields has CNC drilling technology been widely used?
CNC drilling technology has been widely used in the following fields:
1. Aerospace field: Components used in the manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft, such as wing structures, engine components, etc., have high requirements for precision and quality.
2. Automobile manufacturing industry: drilling and processing of automobile engine cylinder block, transmission shell, chassis parts, etc., to ensure the accurate coordination of parts.
3. Electronic equipment manufacturing: It plays an important role in the drilling of printed circuit boards (PCB) to ensure the accuracy of circuit connections.
4. Mold manufacturing: high-precision drilling for all kinds of molds such as injection mold, stamping die, etc., to meet the complex structure and high-precision requirements of the mold.
5. Medical device field: precision parts for the production of medical devices, such as surgical instruments, prosthetic parts, etc.
6. Energy industry: including wind power generation equipment, petrochemical equipment and other parts drilling.
7. Marine manufacturing: drilling and processing of Marine engine parts, hull structural parts, etc.
8. Military industry: parts manufacturing of weapons and equipment to ensure their performance and reliability.
In short, CNC drilling technology has an indispensable position in all fields of modern industry because of its high precision, high efficiency and flexibility.
What is the development trend of CNC drilling technology?
The development trend of CNC drilling technology is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Higher accuracy and speed: With the continuous improvement of product quality and production efficiency requirements of the manufacturing industry, CNC drilling technology will develop in the direction of higher positioning accuracy, repeat accuracy and faster drilling speed.
2. Intelligence and automation: the integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning and other technologies to achieve automatic programming, automatic optimization of processing parameters, automatic fault diagnosis and automatic error compensation functions, further reduce manual intervention, improve processing efficiency and quality stability.
3. Multi-axis linkage and composite machining: The development of multi-axis linkage drilling technology can complete the drilling of complex shapes and multi-angles in a single clamping. At the same time, with other processing processes such as milling, grinding, etc., to achieve a multi-machine energy, improve processing efficiency and accuracy.
4. Green environmental protection: Focus on energy saving and consumption reduction, using more efficient drive systems and energy-saving technologies to reduce energy consumption. At the same time, the use and treatment of cutting fluid is optimized to reduce the impact on the environment.
5. Miniaturization and large-scale: on the one hand, it meets the high precision and high stability needs of micro-parts drilling; On the other hand, it can deal with large-scale drilling of large structural parts such as ships and Bridges.
6. Network and remote control: Through the network to achieve the interconnection between equipment, remote monitoring, diagnosis and maintenance, improve the efficiency and convenience of production management.
7. New material adaptability: can adapt to new materials such as superalloy, composite materials and other drilling processing, develop the corresponding tools and processes.
8. Optimization of human-computer interaction: a more friendly and convenient human-computer interaction interface makes it easier for operators to program, operate and monitor.
As an important processing method in modern manufacturing industry, CNC drilling technology has many advantages and wide application fields. The machining principle realizes high precision drilling through programming, signal processing, machine tool execution and other steps. In terms of characteristics, it has the advantages of high degree of automation, high precision, good consistency and wide range of adaptation. In order to ensure machining accuracy, it depends on many factors such as machine tool accuracy, control system and tool selection. The quality of drilling surface can be improved by selecting cutting tools and optimizing cutting parameters. In the future, the development trend of CNC drilling technology will move towards higher precision and speed, intelligence and automation, multi-axis linkage and composite processing, green environmental protection, miniaturization and large-scale, networking and remote control, new material adaptability and human-computer interaction optimization. It is foreseeable that CNC drilling technology will continue to innovate and develop, providing more powerful support for the progress of the manufacturing industry.