No machine can be made without holes. To connect the parts together, a variety of different sizes of screw holes, pin holes or rivet holes are required; In order to fix the transmission parts, various mounting holes are needed; The machine parts themselves also have many kinds of holes (such as oil holes, process holes, weight reduction holes, etc.). The operation of machining holes so that the holes meet the requirements is called hole machining.

The surface of the inner hole is one of the important surfaces of the mechanical parts. In mechanical parts, parts with holes generally account for 50% to 80% of the total number of parts. The types of holes are also diverse, there are cylindrical holes, conical holes, threaded holes and shaped holes. Common cylindrical holes are divided into general holes and deep holes, and deep holes are difficult to process.

1. First of all, the difference between U drill and ordinary drill is that U drill uses the peripheral blade and the center blade, at this Angle, the relationship between U drill and ordinary hard drill is actually similar to the relationship between the machine clamping turning tool and the welding turning tool, and the blade can be replaced directly after the tool is worn without regrinding. After all, the use of indexable blades still saves material than the whole hard drill, and the consistency of the blade makes it easier to control the size of the part.

2. The rigidity of U drill is better, you can use a high feed rate, and the processing diameter of U drill is much larger than that of ordinary drill, the maximum can reach D50~60mm, of course, U drill can not be too small due to the characteristics of the blade.

3.U drill encounter a variety of materials only need to replace the same type of different grades of blade, hard drill is not so convenient.

4. Compared with hard drilling, the precision of the hole drilled by U drilling is still higher, and the finish is better, especially when the cooling and lubrication are not smooth, it is more obvious, and U drilling can correct the position accuracy of the hole, and hard drilling can not be done, and U drilling can be used as a bore knife.

1. U drill can punch holes on surfaces with inclination angles less than 30~ without reducing cutting parameters.

2. After the cutting parameters of U drilling are reduced by 30%, intermittent cutting can be achieved, such as processing intersecting holes, intersecting holes, and phase perforation.

3. U drilling can realize the drilling of multi-step holes, and can boring, chamfer, eccentric drilling.

4. When drilling, the drilling chips are mostly short chips, and the internal cooling system can be used for safe chip removal, without cleaning the chips on the tool, which is conducive to the continuity of the processing of the product, shorten the processing time and improve efficiency.

5. Under the condition of standard length-diameter ratio, no chip removal is required when drilling with U drill.

6. U drill for indexable tool, blade wear without sharpening, more convenient replacement, and low cost.

7. The surface roughness value of the hole processed by U drilling is small, and the tolerance range is small, which can replace the work of some boring tools.

8. The use of U drilling does not need to pre-punch the center hole, and the blind hole bottom surface processed is relatively straight, eliminating the flat-bottom drill.

9. The use of U drilling technology can not only reduce drilling tools, and because U drilling is the head of the cemented carbide blade, its cutting life is more than ten times the ordinary drill, at the same time, there are four cutting edges on the blade, blade wear can be replaced at any time cutting, the new cutting saves a lot of grinding and replacing the tool time, can improve the average efficiency 6-7 times.

1. When using U drill, the rigidity of the machine tool and the neutrality of the tool and the workpiece are high, so U drill is suitable for use on high-power, high-rigidity and high-speed CNC machine tools.

2. When using U drilling, the center blade should be used with good toughness, and the peripheral blade should be used with relatively sharp blades.

3. When processing different materials, should choose different groove blade, under normal circumstances, small feed, small tolerance, U drilling length to diameter ratio, choose the groove blade with smaller cutting force, on the contrary, rough machining, large tolerance, U drilling length to diameter ratio is small, then choose the groove blade with larger cutting force.

4. When using U drilling, we must consider the power of the machine tool spindle, the stability of U drilling clamping, the pressure and flow of cutting fluid, and control the chip removal effect of U drilling, otherwise it will greatly affect the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of the hole.

5. When installing the U drill, it is necessary to make the U drill center coincide with the center of the workpiece and be perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece.

6. When using U drilling, the appropriate cutting parameters should be selected according to different parts materials.

7. When drilling test cutting, be sure not to reduce the feed or speed at will because of caution and fear, so that the U drill blade is damaged or the U drill is damaged.

8. When using U-drill processing, when the blade is worn or damaged, it is necessary to carefully analyze the reasons and replace the blade with better toughness or more wear-resistant.

9. When using U drill to process step holes, it is necessary to start processing from large holes and then process small holes.

10. When drilling, pay attention to the cutting fluid to have enough pressure in order to flush out the chips.

11. The blade used on the center and edge of the U drill is different, must not be misused, otherwise it will damage the U drill rod.

12. When drilling with U-drill, workpiece rotation, tool rotation, and simultaneous rotation of the tool and workpiece can be used, but when the tool is moved in a linear feed mode, the most common method is to use the workpiece rotation mode.

13. The performance of the lathe should be considered when machining on the CNC car, and the cutting parameters should be adjusted appropriately, generally reducing the speed and low feed.

1. The blade is damaged too fast, easy to break, and the processing cost increases.

2. A harsh whistle is emitted during processing, and the cutting state is abnormal.

3. Machine jitter, affecting the machining accuracy of machine tools.

1. The installation of U drill should pay attention to the positive and negative directions, which blade is up, which blade is down, which is facing inside and which is facing outside.

2. The center height of U drilling must be corrected, according to its diameter size to require the control range, generally controlled within 0.1mm, the smaller the diameter of U drilling, the higher the center height requirements, the center height is not good U drilling two sides will wear, the aperture will be larger, the blade service life will be shortened, small U drilling is easy to break.

3. U drill has very high requirements for coolant, it must be ensured that the coolant is emitted from the center of U drill, the greater the pressure of the coolant, the better, the excess water outlet of the tower can be blocked up to ensure its pressure.

4, U drilling cutting parameters in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, but also to consider different brands of blades, machine power, processing can refer to the load value of the machine tool size, make appropriate adjustments, generally using high speed, low feed.

5.U drill blade to check often, timely replacement, different blades can not be installed reverse.

6. According to the hardness of the workpiece and the length of the tool suspension to adjust the feed amount, the harder the workpiece, the larger the tool suspension, the smaller the cutting amount.

7. Do not use excessive wear of the blade, should be recorded in the production of blade wear and the relationship between the number of workpieces can be machined, timely replacement of new blades.

8. Use sufficient internal coolant with correct pressure. The main function of the coolant is chip removal and cooling.

9.U drill can not be used for processing softer materials, such as copper, soft aluminum, etc.

Honscn has more than ten years of cnc machining experience, specializing in cnc machining, hardware mechanical parts processing, automation equipment parts processing. Robot parts processing, UAV parts processing, bicycle parts processing, medical parts processing, etc. It is one of the high-quality suppliers of cnc machining. At present, the company has more than 50 sets of cnc machining centers, grinding machines, milling machines, high-quality high-precision testing equipment, to provide customers with precision and high-quality cnc spare parts processing services.

The processing methods of holes include drilling, reaming, reaming, boring, drawing, grinding and finishing of holes. The following small series for you to introduce several hole processing technology in detail, crack the hole processing problems.

The hole is an important surface on the box, bracket, sleeve, ring, and disk parts, and it is also a surface often encountered in machining. In the case of the same processing accuracy and surface roughness requirements, it is difficult to process the hole than the outer round surface, low productivity and high cost.

This is because: 1) the size of the tool used in hole processing is limited by the size of the hole being processed, and the rigidity is poor, which is easy to produce bending deformation and vibration; 2) When machining the hole with a fixed-size tool, the size of the hole processing often directly depends on the corresponding size of the tool, and the manufacturing error and wear of the tool will directly affect the processing accuracy of the hole; 3) When machining holes, the cutting area is inside the workpiece, the chip removal and heat dissipation conditions are poor, and the processing accuracy and surface quality are not easy to control.

Drilling

Drilling is the first process of machining holes on solid materials, and the diameter of the drilling hole is generally less than 80mm. There are two ways of drilling: one is the bit rotation; The other is workpiece rotation. The error generated by the above two drilling methods is not the same, in the drilling method of the bit rotation, due to the asymmetry of the cutting edge and the insufficient rigidity of the bit and the bit deflection, the center line of the hole will be skewed or not straight, but the aperture is basically unchanged; On the contrary, in the drilling method of workpiece rotation, the bit deflection will cause the aperture to change, but the center line of the hole is still straight.

Commonly used drilling knives have: twist drill, center drill, deep hole drill, etc., of which the most commonly used is twist drill, its diameter specification is Φ0.1-80mm.

Due to structural limitations, the bending stiffness and torsional rigidity of the drill bit are low, coupled with poor centering, the drilling accuracy is low, generally only IT13 ~ IT11; The surface roughness is also large, Ra is generally 50~12.5μm; However, the metal removal rate of drilling is large and the cutting efficiency is high. Drilling is mainly used for processing holes with low quality requirements, such as bolt holes, thread bottom holes, oil holes, etc. For holes with high machining accuracy and surface quality requirements, they should be achieved by reaming, reaming, boring or grinding in subsequent processing.

Reaming

Reaming is to further process the hole that has been drilled, cast or forged with a reaming drill to enlarge the aperture and improve the processing quality of the hole. Reaming can be used either as a pre-processing before finishing the hole or as the final processing of the hole with low requirements. Reaming drill is similar to twist drill, but has more teeth and no cross edge.

Compared with drilling, reaming has the following characteristics:

(1) the number of reaming drill teeth (3~8 teeth), good guidance, cutting is relatively stable; (2) reaming drill without cross edge, cutting conditions are good;

(3) The processing allowance is small, the chip sink can be made shallower, the drill core can be made thicker, and the tool body strength and rigidity are better. The precision of reaming is generally IT11~IT10, and the surface roughness Ra is 12.5~6.3μm. Reaming is often used to process holes with smaller diameters. When drilling a large diameter hole (D ≥30mm), often use a small drill bit (diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 times of the aperture) to pre-drill, and then use the corresponding size of the hole reaming drill, which can improve the processing quality and production efficiency of the hole.

In addition to processing cylindrical holes, reaming drills of various special shapes (also known as countersinks) can be used to process various countersunk seat holes and countersinks. The front face of the countersink is often equipped with a guide post, guided by a machined hole.

Reaming is one of the finishing methods of holes, which is widely used in production. For smaller holes, reaming is a more economical and practical machining method than internal grinding and fine boring.

1. Reamer

Reamer is generally divided into two kinds of hand reamer and machine reamer. The handle part of the hand reamer is straight handle, the working part is longer, and the guiding function is better. The hand reamer has two kinds of structures: integral and adjustable outside diameter. The machine reamer has two kinds of structure with handle and sleeve. The reamer can not only process round holes, but also taper reamer can process taper holes.

2. Reaming process and its application

Reaming allowance has a great influence on the quality of reaming, the allowance is too large, the load of the reamer is large, the cutting edge is soon blunted, it is not easy to obtain a smooth machining surface, and the dimensional tolerance is not easy to guarantee; The margin is too small to remove the knife marks left by the previous process, and naturally there is no role in improving the quality of hole processing. Generally, the margin of coarse hinge is 0.35~0.15mm, and the fine hinge is 01.5~0.05mm.

To avoid chip nodules, reaming is usually processed at a lower cutting speed (v <8m/min for steel and cast iron with HSS reamers). The value of feed is related to the aperture to be machined, the larger the aperture, the larger the feed value, the feed rate of high-speed steel reamer processing steel and cast iron is usually 0.3~1mm/r.

Reaming must be cooled, lubricated and cleaned with appropriate cutting fluid to prevent chip buildup and remove chips in time. Compared with grinding and boring, the reaming productivity is higher and the accuracy of the hole is easily guaranteed. However, reaming can not correct the position error of the hole axis, and the position accuracy of the hole should be guaranteed by the previous process. Reaming is not suitable for processing step holes and blind holes.

The dimensional accuracy of reaming is generally IT9 ~ IT7, and the surface roughness Ra is generally 3.2~ 0.8μm. For medium-size holes with high precision requirements (such as IT7 precision holes), the driller - reamer - reamer process is a typical processing scheme commonly used in production.

Boring is a machining method in which the prefabricated hole is enlarged with a cutting tool. The boring work can be carried out either on the boring machine or on the lathe.

1. Boring method

There are three different machining methods for boring.

(1) The workpiece rotates and the tool makes feed movement

Boring on the lathe mostly belongs to this boring method. The characteristics of the process are: the axis line of the hole after processing is consistent with the rotation axis of the workpiece, the roundness of the hole mainly depends on the rotation accuracy of the machine tool spindle, and the axial geometry error of the hole mainly depends on the position accuracy of the tool feed direction relative to the rotation axis of the workpiece. This boring method is suitable for machining holes with coaxial requirements on the surface of the outer circle.

(2) The tool rotates and the workpiece is fed

The boring machine spindle drives the boring tool to rotate, and the table drives the workpiece to feed.

(3) The tool rotates and makes feed motion

Using this kind of boring boring method, the overhanging length of the boring bar is changed, the force deformation of the boring bar is also changed, the aperture near the headstock is large, and the aperture away from the headstock is small, forming a cone hole. In addition, with the increase of the overhang length of the boring bar, the bending deformation of the main shaft caused by its own weight also increases, and the axis of the machined hole will have a corresponding bending. This boring method is only suitable for machining short holes.

2. Diamond boring

Compared with general boring, diamond boring is characterized by a small amount of back cutting, small feed, high cutting speed, it can obtain a high processing accuracy (IT7 ~ IT6) and a very smooth surface (Ra is 0.4~ 0.05μm). Diamond boring was originally processed with diamond boring tools, and is now commonly processed with cemented carbide, CBN and artificial diamond tools. Mainly used for processing non-ferrous metal workpieces, can also be used for processing cast iron and steel parts.

The commonly used cutting parameters of diamond boring are: pre-boring of 0.2~0.6mm and final boring of 0.1mm; The feed rate is 0.01~0.14mm/r; The cutting speed is 100~250m/min when processing cast iron, 150~300m/min when processing steel, and 300~2000m/min when processing non-ferrous metals.

In order to ensure that the diamond boring machine can achieve high machining accuracy and surface quality, the machine tool (diamond boring machine) must have high geometric accuracy and stiffness, the main shaft of the machine tool supports the commonly used precision angular contact ball bearing or static pressure plain bearing, and the high-speed rotating parts must be accurately balanced; In addition, the movement of the feed mechanism must be very smooth to ensure that the table can do smooth low-speed feed movement.

The machining quality of diamond boring is good, the production efficiency is high, and it is widely used in the final processing of precision holes in a large number of mass production, such as the engine cylinder hole, the piston pin hole, the main shaft hole on the spindle box of the machine tool. However, it should be noted that when machining ferrous metal products with diamond boring, only the boring tool made of cemented carbide and CBN can be used, and the boring tool made of diamond can not be used, because the carbon atoms in diamond have a large affinity with the iron group elements, and the tool life is low.

3. Boring tool

Boring tool can be divided into single-edge boring tool and double-edge boring tool.

4. Boring process characteristics and application range

Compared with the drilling, expanding and reaming process, the bore size is not limited by the tool size, and the boring has a strong error correction ability, and the deviation error of the original hole axis can be corrected by multiple cutting, and the boring can maintain a higher position accuracy with the positioning surface.

Compared with the outer circle of the boring, due to the poor rigidity of the tool bar system, large deformation, poor heat dissipation and chip removal conditions, the hot deformation of the workpiece and the tool is relatively large, and the processing quality and production efficiency of the boring are not as high as the outer circle of the car.

In summary, it can be seen that the processing range of boring is wide, and holes of different sizes and different precision levels can be processed. For holes and hole systems with large aperture, high size and position accuracy requirements, boring is almost the only processing method. The machining accuracy of boring is IT9 ~ IT7. Boring can be carried out on the boring machine, lathe, milling machine and other machine tools, which has the advantages of flexibility and flexibility, and is widely used in production. In mass production, boring die is often used to improve boring efficiency.

1. Honing principle and honing head

Honing is the method of finishing the hole by using a honing head with a grinding rod (whetstone). When honing, the workpiece is fixed, and the honing head is rotated by the spindle of the machine tool and moves in a reciprocating straight line. In honing processing, the grinding strip acts on the workpiece surface with a certain pressure, and cuts an extremely thin layer of material from the workpiece surface. In order to make the movement of the abrasive particle not repeat, the number of revolutions per minute of the turning movement of the honing head and the number of reciprocating strokes per minute of the honing head should be prime.

The cross Angle of the honing track is related to the reciprocating speed and circular speed of the honing head, and the size of the Angle affects the processing quality and efficiency of the honing. In order to facilitate the discharge of broken abrasive particles and chips, reduce the cutting temperature and improve the processing quality, sufficient cutting fluid should be used when honing.

In order to make the machined hole wall can be uniformly machined, the stroke of the sand bar at both ends of the hole must exceed a section of overpass. In order to ensure the uniform honing allowance and reduce the influence of the spindle rotation error on the machining accuracy, the floating connection between the honing head and the spindle of the machine tool is mostly adopted.

The radial expansion adjustment of honing head grinding rod has various structural forms such as manual, pneumatic and hydraulic.

2. Honing process characteristics and application range

(1) honing can obtain higher dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy, the processing accuracy is IT7~IT6, the roundness and cylindricity error of the hole can be controlled within the range, but honing can not improve the position accuracy of the hole to be machined.

(2) Honing can obtain a higher surface quality, the surface roughness Ra is 0.2~0.25μm, the surface metal metamorphic defect layer depth is very small 2.5~25μm.

(3) Compared with the grinding speed, the circular speed of the honing head is not high (vc=16~60m/min), but due to the large contact area between the sand bar and the workpiece, the reciprocating speed is relatively high (va=8~20m/min), so the honing still has a high productivity.

Honing is widely used in the machining of engine cylinder holes and precision holes in various hydraulic devices in a large number of mass production, and can process deep holes with a length-diameter ratio greater than 10. However, honing is not suitable for processing holes on non-ferrous metal workpieces with large plasticity, nor can it process holes with keyways, spline holes, etc.

1. Broach and broach

Drawing is a high productivity finishing method, which is carried out on a broaching machine with a special broach. Broaching machine divided into horizontal broaching machine and vertical broaching machine two kinds, the horizontal broaching machine is the most common.

Broaching only uses low-speed linear motion (main motion). The number of teeth of the broach working at the same time should generally be not less than 3, otherwise the broach is not stable, and it is easy to produce ring ripples on the surface of the workpiece. In order to avoid generating too much broaching force and causing the broach to break, the number of teeth of the broach working at the same time should not exceed 6 to 8.

There are three different broaching methods, which are described as follows:

(1) Layered broaching

This broaching method is characterized by the broach cutting the workpiece machining allowance layer by layer in sequence. In order to facilitate chip breaking, the cutter teeth are ground with interleaved chip grooves. The broach designed according to the layered broaching method is called the ordinary broach.

(2) block broaching

The characteristic of this broaching method is that each layer of metal on the machined surface is cut by a set of tool teeth that are basically the same size but interlaced with each other (usually each set consists of 2-3 tool teeth). Each tooth cuts only part of a layer of metal. Broach designed according to the block broach method is called rotary broach.

(3) Comprehensive broaching

In this way, the advantages of layering and block broaching are concentrated. Block broaching is used in the rough cutting part and layer broaching is used in the fine cutting part. In this way, the broach length can be shortened, productivity can be increased, and better surface quality can be obtained. The broach designed according to the comprehensive broach method is called the comprehensive broach.

2. Process characteristics and application range of drawing holes

(1) The broach is a multi-edge tool, which can finish the roughing, finishing and finishing of the hole in a sequence in one broaching stroke, and has high production efficiency.

(2) The drawing accuracy mainly depends on the accuracy of the broach, under normal conditions, the drawing accuracy can reach IT9~IT7, and the surface roughness Ra can reach 6.3~ 1.6μm.

(3) When drawing a hole, the workpiece is positioned by the machined hole itself (the leading part of the broach is the positioning element of the workpiece), and the drawing hole is not easy to ensure the mutual position accuracy of the hole and other surfaces; For the processing of rotary parts whose inner and outer circular surfaces have coaxial requirements, it is often necessary to first pull holes, and then process other surfaces with holes as the positioning reference.

(4) broach can not only process round holes, but also process forming holes and spline holes.

(5) broach is a fixed size tool, complex shape, expensive, not suitable for processing large holes.

Drawing holes are commonly used in a large number of mass production to process holes on small and medium-sized parts with a diameter of 10~80mm and a hole depth of not more than 5 times the aperture.

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In modern manufacturing, CNC (computer digital control) processing technology plays a vital role. Among them, turning, milling, cutting and turning milling combined processing are common process methods. They each have unique characteristics and scope of application, but also have some advantages and disadvantages. In-depth understanding of the similarities and differences of these processing technologies is of great significance for optimizing the production process and improving the processing quality and efficiency.

CNC turning

(1) Advantages

1. Suitable for processing rotary parts, such as shaft, disk parts, can efficiently realize the outer circle, inner circle, thread and other surface processing.

2. Because the tool moves along the axis of the part, the cutting force is usually more stable, which is conducive to ensuring the machining accuracy and surface quality.

(2) Disadvantages

1. For non-rotating parts or parts with complex shapes, the processing capacity of turning is limited.

2. A clamping usually can only process one surface, for multi-sided processing requires multiple clamping, which may affect the processing accuracy.

CNC milling

(1) Advantages

1. Can process various shapes of parts, including plane, surface, cavity, etc., with strong versatility.

2. High precision machining of complex shapes can be achieved through multi-axis linkage.

(2) Disadvantages

1. When processing slender shaft or thin-walled parts, it is easy to deform due to the action of cutting force.

2. The cutting speed of milling is usually higher, the tool wear is faster, and the cost is relatively high.

CNC cutting

(1) Advantages

1. High machining accuracy and surface roughness can be obtained.

2. Suitable for processing materials with high hardness.

(2) Disadvantages

1. The cutting speed is slow, and the processing efficiency is relatively low.

2. Higher requirements for tools and higher tool costs.

CNC turning and milling composite processing

(1) Advantages

1. Integrated turning and milling functions, a clamping can complete the processing of multiple processes, reduce the clamping times, improve the processing accuracy and production efficiency.

2. Can process complex shape parts, make up for the lack of a single turning or milling process.

(2) Disadvantages

1. The equipment cost is high, and the technical requirements for the operator are also high.

2. Programming and process planning are relatively complex.

CNC turning, milling, cutting and turning milling combined processing processes each have advantages and disadvantages. In the actual production, the processing technology should be reasonably selected according to the structural characteristics of the parts, precision requirements, production batch and other factors to achieve the best processing effect and economic benefits. With the continuous progress of technology, these processing processes will also continue to develop and improve, providing stronger support for the development of the manufacturing industry.

1. processing objects and shapes

1. Turning: mainly suitable for processing rotary parts, such as shaft, disc, sleeve parts, can efficiently process outer circle, inner circle, cone, thread and so on.

2. Milling: better at processing planes, steps, grooves, surfaces, etc., with advantages for non-rotating parts and parts with complex contours.

3. Cutting: It is usually used for fine machining of parts to obtain high precision surface and size.

4. Turning and milling composite processing: It integrates the functions of turning and milling, and can process parts with complex shapes and both rotary and non-rotary characteristics.

2. tool movement mode

1. Turning: The tool moves in a straight line or curve along the axis of the part.

2. Milling: The tool rotates around its own axis and does translation movement along the surface of the part.

3. Cutting: The tool makes precise cutting action relative to the part.

4. Turning and milling composite processing: on the same machine tool, to achieve different movement combinations of turning tools and milling tools.

3. processing accuracy and surface quality

1. Turning: When processing the surface of the rotary body, it can achieve higher accuracy and better surface quality.

2. Milling: Machining accuracy for flat and complex profiles depends on machine tool accuracy and tool selection.

3. Cutting: Very high precision and excellent surface roughness can be achieved.

4. Turning and milling composite processing: combining the advantages of turning and milling, it can meet the high accuracy requirements, but the accuracy is also affected by the comprehensive impact of the machine tool and process.

4. Processing efficiency

1. Turning: For large quantities of rotary parts processing, high efficiency.

2. Milling: When machining complex shapes and polyhedral parts, the efficiency depends on the tool path and machine performance.

3. Cutting: Because the cutting speed is relatively slow, the processing efficiency is generally low, but it is indispensable in the demand for high precision.

4. Turning and milling composite processing: one clamping to complete a variety of processes, reduce the clamping time and error, improve the overall processing efficiency.

5. Equipment cost and complexity

1. Turning machine: relatively simple structure, relatively low cost.

2. Milling machine: According to the number of shafts and functions, the cost varies, and the cost of multi-axis milling machine is higher.

3. Cutting equipment: usually more sophisticated, high cost.

4. Turning and milling composite processing machine: integrated with a variety of functions, high equipment cost, complex control system.

6. Application fields

1. Turning: widely used in automobile, machinery manufacturing and other industries of shaft parts processing.

2. Milling: It is often used for the processing of complex parts in mold manufacturing, aerospace and other fields.

3. Cutting: Often used in precision instruments, electronics and other industries with high precision requirements.

4. Turning and milling composite processing: in high-end manufacturing, medical equipment and other fields, it has important applications for the processing of complex and high-precision parts.

CNC turning, milling, cutting and turning milling composite processing in many aspects of the similarities and differences, should be based on the specific processing needs and production conditions to choose the appropriate processing technology.

The efficiency comparison of turning and milling combined machining, turning and milling cannot be simply generalized, but is affected by many factors.

Turning has high efficiency in the processing of rotary parts, especially for large quantities of standard shaft and disk parts. Its tool movement is relatively simple, the cutting speed is high, and continuous cutting can be achieved.

Milling has advantages for machining planes, steps, grooves and complex contours. However, when processing simple rotary parts, its efficiency may not be as good as turning.

The combination of turning and milling machining combines the advantages of turning and milling, and can complete the turning and milling processes in a single clip, reducing the number of clips and positioning errors. For the parts with complex shape and both rotary and non-rotary characteristics, the combined turning and milling machining can significantly improve the machining efficiency.

However, the efficiency benefits of combined turning and milling may not be evident in the following cases:

1. When processing simple parts that only need to be turned or milled in a single process, due to the high cost and complexity of the turn-milling complex machine tool, it may not be as efficient as the specialized turning or milling machine.

2. In small batch production, the adjustment and programming time of the machine tool account for a large proportion in the entire processing cycle, which may affect the efficiency advantage of the turn-milling composite processing.

In general, for the medium and large volume production of complex parts, the turn-milling composite machining usually has a higher overall efficiency; For simple parts or small batch production, turning and milling may be more efficient in certain situations.

CNC turning, milling, cutting and turning milling combined processing technology is an important means in modern manufacturing industry. Turning is good at processing rotary parts, milling can deal with complex shapes and polyhedra, cutting can achieve high-precision surface treatment, and turn-milling composite processing is a combination of the two, can complete a variety of processes in a clip. Each process has its own unique advantages and scope of application, high turning efficiency in rotary body machining performance, milling versatility to meet the needs of complex contours, cutting accuracy is excellent, turning and milling combined processing is both precision and efficiency. In actual production, according to the characteristics of parts, accuracy requirements, batch size and other factors, reasonable selection of processes to achieve high quality, high efficiency and low cost manufacturing goals, to promote the continuous development and progress of the manufacturing industry.