- High strength and hardness: tensile strength up to 500-2000MPa (2-8 times that of aluminum), suitable for high load structural components.
- High cutting difficulty: need to use tungsten carbide tools (such as YW1/YW2), cutting speed usually 1/3-1/5 of aluminum.
- Thermal deformation control: low thermal conductivity (about 45W/m・K), need sufficient cooling to prevent workpiece deformation.
- Diverse surface treatment: can improve performance through quenching, carburizing, electroplating, etc.
- Wide welding performance differences: stainless steel requires special welding wire, high strength steel is prone to stress concentration after welding.
- Obvious cost stratification: ordinary carbon steel (such as Q235) has the lowest cost, high-speed steel (such as M2) material cost can be more than 10 times.
All uploads are secure and confidential.Grade | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Main characteristics | Application scenarios |
45 steel | 600 | 355 | Comprehensive mechanical properties, easy to machine | Gears, shafts, mold templates |
Q235 | 375-500 | 235 | Low carbon steel, excellent weldability | Building structural components, ordinary mechanical casings |
1215 | 420 | 300 | Easy to machine steel (lead-containing) | Precision screws, automatic lathe parts |
1022 | 450 | 250 | Low carbon steel, good weldability | Chains, sprockets, bolts |
1010 | 330 | 210 | Ultra low carbon steel, high ductility | Stamped parts, steel pipes, iron wires |
12L14 | 450 | 300 | Lead-containing easy to machine steel | Instrument parts, miniature gears |
10B21 | 520 | 345 | Boron steel, excellent carburizing properties | Automotive gears, camshafts |
40Cr | 980 | 785 | High strength alloy structural steel | Drive shafts, piston rods, gears |
SS410 | 540 | 345 | Martensitic stainless steel | Cutting tools, pump shafts, valves |
65Mn | 980 | 785 | Spring steel, high elastic limit | Springs, mainsprings, wear-resistant parts |
✔ Machining parameter differences: 12L14 cutting speed can reach 150m/min (ordinary steel 60-80m/min).
✔ SS410 suffers from severe work hardening, it is recommended to use CBN tools.
✔ Welding attention: 40Cr needs preheating at 200℃ before welding, and tempering after welding to eliminate stress. ✔ SS410 welding is recommended to use ER410 welding wire.
✔ Surface treatment compatibility: 45 steel is suitable for quenching + blackening treatment; 10B21 has surface hardness HRC58-62 after carburizing and quenching.
✔ Corrosion resistance: SS410 > Q235 (after galvanizing) > 1010
✔ Machining efficiency: 12L14 > 1022 > 40Cr
✔ Comprehensive cost: Q235 (lowest) < 1010 < 1022 < 45 steel < 40Cr < SS410